mtl, transformers, monads-fd, monadLib, and the paradox of choice

Question

Hackage has several packages for monad transformers:

• mtl: Monad transformer library
• transformers: Concrete functor and monad transformers
• monads-fd: Monad classes, using functional dependencies
• monads-tf: Monad classes, using type families
• monadLib: A collection of monad transformers.
• mtl-tf: Monad transformer library using type families.
• mmtl: Modular Monad transformer library
• mtlx: Monad transformer library with type indexes, providing 'free' copies.
• compose-trans: Composable monad transformers

(and maybe I missed some)

Which one shall we use?

mtl is the one in the Haskell Platform, but I keep hearing on reddit that it's uncool.

But what's bad about choice anyway, isn't it just a good thing?

Well, I saw how for example the authors of data-accessor had to make all these to cater to just the popular choices:

• data-accessor-monadLib library: Accessor functions for monadLib's monads
• data-accessor-monads-fd library: Use Accessor to access state in monads-fd State monad class
• data-accessor-monads-tf library: Use Accessor to access state in monads-tf State monad type family
• data-accessor-mtl library: Use Accessor to access state in mtl State monad class
• data-accessor-transformers library: Use Accessor to access state in transformers State monad

I imagine that if this goes on and for example several competing Arrow packages evolve, we might see something like: spoonklink-arrows-transformers, spoonklink-arrows-monadLib, spoonklink-tfArrows-transformers, spoonklink-tfArrows-monadLib, ...

And then I worry that if spoonklink gets forked, Hackage will run out of disk space. :)

Questions:

• Why are there so many monad transformer packages?
• Why is mtl [considered] uncool?
• What are the key differences?
• Most of these seemingly competing packages were written by Andy Gill and are maintained by Ross Paterson. Does this mean that these packages are not competing but rather work together in some way? And do Andy and Ross consider any of their own packages as obsolete?
• Which one should you and I use?

Answer 1

A bunch of them are almost completely equivalent:

• mtl uses GHC extensions, but transformers is Haskell 98.
• monads-fd and monads-tf are add-ons to transformers, using functional dependencies and type families respectively, both providing the functionality in mtl that's missing from transformers.
• mtl-tf is mtl reimplemented using type families.

So essentially, mtl == transformers ++ monads-fd, mtl-tf == transformers ++ monads-tf. The improved portability and modularity of transformers and its associated packages is why mtl is uncool these days, I think.

mmtl and mtlx both seem to be similar to and/or based on mtl, with API differences and extra features.

MonadLib seems to have a rather different take on matters, but I'm not familiar with it directly. Also seems to use a lot of GHC extensions, more than the others.

At a glance compose-trans seems to be more like metaprogramming stuff for creating monad transformers. It claims to be compatible with Control.Monad.Trans which... I guess means mtl?

At any rate, I'd suggest the following decision algorithm:

• Do you need standard monads for a new project? Use transformers & co., help us lay mtl to rest.
• Are you already using mtl in a large project? transformers isn't completely compatible, but no one will kill you for not switching.
• Does one of the other packages provide unusual functionality that you need? Might as well use it rather than rolling your own.
• Still unsatisfied? Throw them all out, download category-extras, and solve all the world's problems with a page and a half of incomprehensible abstract nonsense breathtakingly generic code.

Answer 2

For the moment? You should probably use mtl. What is happening is that the transformers library is being factored out of the MTL in a fashion that monads-fd and monads-tf can co-exist peacefully, but at last check that was not yet the case.

When that happens you'll be able to import monads-fd and transformers and get (almost) the same interface, with the exception that State, etc. will be an alias for StateT.

So I'd write to mtl, but not rely on the fact that State, Reader, etc. are currently data as they will be replaced with types.

MonadLib is another alternative that Iavor has been working on, which can be safely used because it doesn't share any module names with the others, but which has a fairly different usage pattern.