format bash variable for command

Question

From my bash shell I would like to call a program n times with a different numbered parameter, which has to be in a fixed format like "%02i"

One way would be:

for ((i=23; i<42;i++)); do 
    sh ../myprogram `printf "%02i\n" $i`
done

Is there a way to improve the printf.. part? I believe this might be a performance bottleneck with more files and makes the line less readable than a built-in function (especially when condensed to a one-liner).

Answer 1

In Bash, printf is provided by the shell (see the bash(1) manpage, search for "printf"), so you don't even have the (minimal) overhead of fork() and exec() to execute a separate command -- unless you run it from within backticks. Bash's built-in printf lets you assign the output to a given variable with the -v argument; your script fragment could be rewritten as:

for ((i=23; i<42;i++)); do 
    printf -v ii "%02i\n" $i
    sh ../myprogram $ii
done

I'm not sure I'd consider that more readable than the original.

The most resource-intensive part of your script fragment is calling your other shell script; I wouldn't worry about the overhead of calling printf unless further evidence indicates otherwise.

edited to add the difference between backticks and direct execution