Extract substring in Bash

Question

Given a filename in the form someletters_12345_moreleters.ext, I want to extract the 5 digits and put them into a variable.

So to emphasize the point, I have a filename with x number of characters then a five digit sequence surrounded by a single underscore on either side then another set of x number of characters. I want to take the 5 digit number and put that into a variable.

I am very interested in the number of different ways that this can be accomplished.

Answer 1

You can use Parameter Expansion to do this.

If a is constant, the following parameter expansion performs substring extraction:

b=${a:12:5} 

where 12 is the offset (zero-based) and 5 is the length

If the underscores around the digits are the only ones in the input, you can strip off the prefix and suffix (respectively) in two steps:

tmp=${a#*_}   # remove prefix ending in "_" b=${tmp%_*}   # remove suffix starting with "_" 

If there are other underscores, it's probably feasible anyway, albeit more tricky. If anyone knows how to perform both expansions in a single expression, I'd like to know too.

Both solutions presented are pure bash, with no process spawning involved, hence very fast.

Answer 2

Use cut:

echo 'someletters_12345_moreleters.ext' | cut -d'_' -f 2 

More generic:

INPUT='someletters_12345_moreleters.ext' SUBSTRING=$(echo $INPUT| cut -d'_' -f 2) echo $SUBSTRING