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I've very recently migrated to Py 3.5. This code was working properly in Python 2.7:
with open(fname, 'rb') as f: lines = [x.strip() for x in f.readlines()] for line in lines: tmp = line.strip().lower() if 'some-pattern' in tmp: continue # ... code After upgrading to 3.5, I'm getting the:
TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str' error on the last line (the pattern search code).
I've tried using the .decode() function on either side of the statement, also tried:
if tmp.find('some-pattern') != -1: continue - to no avail.
I was able to resolve almost all 2:3 issues quickly, but this little statement is bugging me.
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The error “typeerror: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'” is raised when you treat an object as a string instead of as a series of bytes. A common scenario in which this error is raised is when you read a text file as a binary.
Bytes-like object in python In Python, a string object is a series of characters that make a string. In the same manner, a byte object is a sequence of bits/bytes that represent data. Strings are human-readable while bytes are computer-readable. Data is converted into byte form before it is stored on a computer.
We can use the built-in Bytes class in Python to convert a string to bytes: simply pass the string as the first input of the constructor of the Bytes class and then pass the encoding as the second argument. Printing the object shows a user-friendly textual representation, but the data contained in it is in bytes.
You opened the file in binary mode:
with open(fname, 'rb') as f: This means that all data read from the file is returned as bytes objects, not str. You cannot then use a string in a containment test:
if 'some-pattern' in tmp: continue You'd have to use a bytes object to test against tmp instead:
if b'some-pattern' in tmp: continue or open the file as a textfile instead by replacing the 'rb' mode with 'r'.
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