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what is the meaning of putting a star before a register?

Tags:

assembly

I am studying how c++ invoke the right member functions through assembly language. The simple program that I come with is as the following:

class A                        
{                              
    public:                    
        virtual void show() {} 
};                             

class B : public A             
{                              
    public:                    
        void show() {}         
};                             


int main()                     
{                              
    A* pA = new B;             
    pA->show();                

    return 0;                  
}                              

its assembly is as the following:

main:
.LFB2:
    .cfi_startproc
    .cfi_personality 0x3,__gxx_personality_v0
    pushq   %rbp
    .cfi_def_cfa_offset 16
    movq    %rsp, %rbp
    .cfi_offset 6, -16
    .cfi_def_cfa_register 6
    pushq   %rbx
    subq    $24, %rsp
    movl    $8, %edi
    .cfi_offset 3, -24
    call    _Znwm            <<<================ 1
    movq    %rax, %rbx
    movq    %rbx, %rax
    movq    %rax, %rdi
    call    _ZN1BC1Ev
.L11:
    movq    %rbx, %rax
    movq    %rax, -24(%rbp)
    movq    -24(%rbp), %rax
    movq    (%rax), %rax
    movq    (%rax), %rdx
    movq    -24(%rbp), %rax
    movq    %rax, %rdi
    call    *%rdx             <<<=== 2
    movl    $0, %eax
    addq    $24, %rsp
    popq    %rbx
    leave
    ret
    .cfi_endproc

my questions are:

  1. I searched google for nwm, it only tells me that c++ uses it to allocate memory, could some one tell me more about it ? is it in one lib? if possible, can i get its source code? how?
  2. i am not quite familiar with this syntax, what does it want to do ?
like image 800
Alex Avatar asked Sep 30 '13 06:09

Alex


1 Answers

The * is used before absolute addresses in AT&T assembly syntax for call or jump instructions. This means it will jump to the address contained in the register. The alternative is a relative jump, which is relative to the current instruction.

From the GNU as manual:

AT&T absolute (as opposed to PC relative) jump/call operands are prefixed by `*'; they are undelimited in Intel syntax.

In your code it makes sense for there to be a call to an address in a register. Calling pA->show() requires a look up to see what the right function to be called is. This is because it is a virtual function on class A.

like image 149
Gavin Smith Avatar answered Sep 30 '22 11:09

Gavin Smith