It's somewhat common knowledge that Python functions can have a maximum of 256 arguments. What I'm curious to know is if this limit applies to *args
and **kwargs
when they're unrolled in the following manner:
items = [1,2,3,4,5,6] def do_something(*items): pass
I ask because, hypothetically, there might be cases where a list larger than 256 items gets unrolled as a set of *args
or **kwargs
.
Except for functions with variable-length argument lists, the number of arguments in a function call must be the same as the number of parameters in the function definition. This number can be zero. The maximum number of arguments (and corresponding parameters) is 253 for a single function.
Functions with three arguments (triadic function) should be avoided if possible. More than three arguments (polyadic function) are only for very specific cases and then shouldn't be used anyway.
5 Types of Arguments in Python Function Definition: keyword arguments. positional arguments. arbitrary positional arguments. arbitrary keyword arguments.
Yes. You can use *args as a non-keyword argument. You will then be able to pass any number of arguments. As you can see, Python will unpack the arguments as a single tuple with all the arguments.
WFM
>>> fstr = 'def f(%s): pass' % (', '.join(['arg%d' % i for i in range(5000)])) >>> exec(fstr) >>> f <function f at 0x829bae4>
Update: as Brian noticed, the limit is on the calling side:
>>> exec 'f(' + ','.join(str(i) for i in range(5000)) + ')' Traceback (most recent call last): File "<pyshell#63>", line 1, in <module> exec 'f(' + ','.join(str(i) for i in range(5000)) + ')' File "<string>", line 1 SyntaxError: more than 255 arguments (<string>, line 1)
on the other hand this works:
>>> f(*range(5000)) >>>
Conclusion: no, it does not apply to unrolled arguments.
In Python 3.6 and before, the limit is due to how the compiled bytecode treats calling a function with position arguments and/or keyword arguments.
The bytecode op of concern is CALL_FUNCTION
which carries an op_arg
that is 4 bytes in length, but on the two least significant bytes are used. Of those, the most significant byte represent the number of keyword arguments on the stack and the least significant byte the number of positional arguments on the stack. Therefore, you can have at most 0xFF == 255
keyword arguments or 0xFF == 255
positional arguments.
This limit does not apply to *args
and **kwargs
because calls with that grammar use the bytecode ops CALL_FUNCTION_VAR
, CALL_FUNCTION_KW
, and CALL_FUNCTION_VAR_KW
depending on the signature. For these opcodes, the stack consists of an iterable for the *args
and a dict
for the **kwargs
. These items get passed directly to the receiver which unrolls them as needed.
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