Program type already present: android.support.v4.os.ResultReceiver$MyResultReceiver

Question

I'm refactoring an app to use androidx. I have struggled to get rid of all the libraries that do not support it. I thought I had removed all the libraries that use the support libraries but it looks like there is still something that is importing it. I now get the error:

AGPBI: {"kind":"error","text":"Program type already present: android.support.v4.os.ResultReceiver$MyResultReceiver","sources":[{}],"tool":"D8"} java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.RuntimeException: com.android.builder.dexing.DexArchiveMergerException: Error while merging dex archives: /Users/name/myproject/app/build/intermediates/transforms/dexBuilder/debug/532, /Users/name/myproject/app/build/intermediates/transforms/dexBuilder/debug/0.jar, /Users/name/myproject/app/build/intermediates/transforms/dexBuilder/debug/1.jar,

...

/Users/name/myproject/app/build/intermediates/transforms/dexBuilder/debug/530.jar, /Users/name/myproject/app/build/intermediates/transforms/dexBuilder/debug/531.jar Learn how to resolve the issue at https://developer.android.com/studio/build/dependencies#duplicate_classes. Program type already present: android.support.v4.os.ResultReceiver$MyResultReceiver at sun.reflect.GeneratedConstructorAccessor377.newInstance(Unknown Source) at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45) at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423) at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinTask.getThrowableException(ForkJoinTask.java:593) at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinTask.reportException(ForkJoinTask.java:677) ... at org.gradle.internal.concurrent.ManagedExecutorImpl$1.run(ManagedExecutorImpl.java:46) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617) at org.gradle.internal.concurrent.ThreadFactoryImpl$ManagedThreadRunnable.run(ThreadFactoryImpl.java:55) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745) Learn how to resolve the issue at https://developer.android.com/studio/build/dependencies#duplicate_classes. Program type already present: android.support.v4.os.ResultReceiver$MyResultReceiver at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinTask$AdaptedCallable.exec(ForkJoinTask.java:1431) at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinTask.doExec(ForkJoinTask.java:289) at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool$WorkQueue.runTask(ForkJoinPool.java:1056) at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool.runWorker(ForkJoinPool.java:1692) at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinWorkerThread.run(ForkJoinWorkerThread.java:157) Learn how to resolve the issue at https://developer.android.com/studio/build/dependencies#duplicate_classes. Program type already present: android.support.v4.os.ResultReceiver$MyResultReceiver at com.android.builder.dexing.D8DexArchiveMerger.getExceptionToRethrow(D8DexArchiveMerger.java:129) at com.android.builder.dexing.D8DexArchiveMerger.mergeDexArchives(D8DexArchiveMerger.java:114) at com.android.build.gradle.internal.transforms.DexMergerTransformCallable.call(DexMergerTransformCallable.java:101) at com.android.build.gradle.internal.transforms.DexMergerTransformCallable.call(DexMergerTransformCallable.java:36) at java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinTask$AdaptedCallable.exec(ForkJoinTask.java:1424) ... 4 more at com.android.tools.r8.utils.ExceptionUtils.withCompilationHandler(ExceptionUtils.java:71) at com.android.tools.r8.utils.ExceptionUtils.withD8CompilationHandler(ExceptionUtils.java:41) at com.android.tools.r8.D8.run(D8.java:89) at com.android.builder.dexing.D8DexArchiveMerger.mergeDexArchives(D8DexArchiveMerger.java:112) ... 7 more at com.android.tools.r8.utils.Reporter.failIfPendingErrors(Reporter.java:83) at com.android.tools.r8.utils.Reporter.fatalError(Reporter.java:62) at com.android.tools.r8.utils.ExceptionUtils.withCompilationHandler(ExceptionUtils.java:62) ... 10 more :app:transformDexArchiveWithDexMergerForDebug FAILED FAILURE: Build failed with an exception. * What went wrong: Execution failed for task ':app:transformDexArchiveWithDexMergerForDebug'.

com.android.build.api.transform.TransformException: java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.RuntimeException: com.android.builder.dexing.DexArchiveMergerException: Error while merging dex archives: /Users/name/myproject/app/build/intermediates/transforms/dexBuilder/debug/532, /Users/name/myproject/app/build/intermediates/transforms/dexBuilder/debug/0.jar, /Users/name/myproject/app/build/intermediates/transforms/dexBuilder/debug/1.jar,

...

/Users/name/myproject/app/build/intermediates/transforms/dexBuilder/debug/530.jar, /Users/name/myproject/app/build/intermediates/transforms/dexBuilder/debug/531.jar Learn how to resolve the issue at https://developer.android.com/studio/build/dependencies#duplicate_classes. Program type already present: android.support.v4.os.ResultReceiver$MyResultReceiver

Running ./gradlew androidDependencies and I get:

debugCompileClasspath - Dependencies for compilation +--- io.realm:realm-android-library:5.1.0@aar +--- io.realm:realm-android-kotlin-extensions:5.1.0@aar +--- io.realm:realm-annotations:5.1.0@jar +--- javax.annotation:jsr250-api:1.0@jar +--- com.google.dagger:dagger-android:2.16@aar +--- androidx.preference:preference:1.0.0-alpha1@aar +--- com.google.android.material:material:1.0.0-alpha1@aar +--- androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.0.0-alpha1@aar +--- androidx.cardview:cardview:1.0.0-alpha1@aar +--- androidx.recyclerview:recyclerview:1.0.0-alpha1@aar +--- androidx.gridlayout:gridlayout:1.0.0-alpha1@aar +--- androidx.legacy:legacy-support-v4:1.0.0-alpha1@aar +--- androidx.vectordrawable:vectordrawable-animated:1.0.0-alpha1@aar +--- androidx.vectordrawable:vectordrawable:1.0.0-alpha1@aar +--- androidx.palette:palette:1.0.0-alpha1@aar +--- com.firebaseui:firebase-ui-auth:3.1.0@aar +--- com.google.firebase:firebase-auth:15.0.0@aar +--- com.google.firebase:firebase-config:15.0.2@aar +--- com.google.firebase:firebase-database:15.0.1@aar +--- com.jakewharton.rxbinding2:rxbinding:2.0.0@aar +--- com.jakewharton.rxrelay2:rxrelay:2.0.0@jar +--- joda-time:joda-time:2.5@jar +--- com.jakewharton.timber:timber:4.3.1@aar +--- com.uncopt:android.justified:1.0@jar +--- androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-common-java8:2.0.0-alpha1@jar +--- androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-extensions:2.0.0-alpha1@aar +--- androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-reactivestreams:2.0.0-alpha1@aar +--- com.squareup.retrofit2:adapter-rxjava2:2.2.0@jar +--- com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-moshi:2.2.0@jar +--- com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-scalars:2.2.0@jar +--- com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:2.2.0@jar +--- com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp-urlconnection:3.4.1@jar +--- com.squareup.okhttp3:logging-interceptor:3.4.1@jar +--- com.github.franmontiel:PersistentCookieJar:v1.0.1@aar +--- com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:3.6.0@jar +--- com.squareup.moshi:moshi-kotlin:1.5.0@jar +--- com.github.MFlisar:RxBus2:0.1@aar +--- com.jakewharton:butterknife:8.8.1@aar +--- com.squareup.leakcanary:leakcanary-android:1.5.1@aar +--- com.crashlytics.sdk.android:crashlytics:2.6.8@aar +--- com.f2prateek.rx.preferences2:rx-preferences:2.0.0-RC2@aar +--- org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:1.2.41@jar +--- org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-android-extensions-runtime:1.2.41@jar +--- com.google.code.findbugs:jsr305:1.3.9@jar +--- com.getkeepsafe.relinker:relinker:1.2.2@aar +--- com.google.dagger:dagger:2.16@jar +--- com.android.support:customtabs:26.1.0@aar +--- com.android.support:cardview-v7:26.1.0@aar +--- com.jakewharton:butterknife-annotations:8.8.1@jar +--- com.android.support:design:26.1.0@aar +--- com.android.support:appcompat-v7:26.1.0@aar +--- com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:26.1.0@aar +--- com.android.support:transition:26.1.0@aar +--- com.google.firebase:firebase-abt:15.0.1@aar +--- com.google.firebase:firebase-database-connection:15.0.1@aar +--- com.google.firebase:firebase-analytics:15.0.2@aar +--- com.google.firebase:firebase-analytics-impl:15.0.2@aar +--- com.google.firebase:firebase-iid:15.1.0@aar +--- com.google.firebase:firebase-common:15.0.1@aar +--- com.google.android.gms:play-services-phenotype:15.0.1@aar +--- com.google.firebase:firebase-database-collection:15.0.1@aar +--- com.google.android.gms:play-services-auth:11.4.2@aar +--- com.google.android.gms:play-services-ads-identifier:15.0.1@aar +--- com.google.android.gms:play-services-stats:15.0.1@aar +--- com.google.firebase:firebase-iid-interop:15.0.0@aar +--- com.google.android.gms:play-services-auth-api-phone:11.4.2@aar +--- com.google.android.gms:play-services-auth-base:11.4.2@aar +--- com.google.android.gms:play-services-flags:15.0.1@aar +--- com.google.android.gms:play-services-base:15.0.1@aar +--- com.google.android.gms:play-services-tasks:15.0.1@aar +--- com.google.android.gms:play-services-basement:15.0.1@aar +--- com.android.support:support-v4:26.1.0@aar +--- com.android.support:support-media-compat:26.1.0@aar +--- com.android.support:support-fragment:26.1.0@aar +--- com.android.support:support-core-utils:26.1.0@aar +--- com.android.support:animated-vector-drawable:26.1.0@aar +--- com.android.support:support-core-ui:26.1.0@aar +--- com.android.support:support-vector-drawable:26.1.0@aar +--- com.android.support:support-compat:26.1.0@aar +--- com.android.support:support-annotations:26.1.0@jar +--- javax.inject:javax.inject:1@jar +--- androidx.fragment:fragment:1.0.0-alpha1@aar +--- androidx.legacy:legacy-support-core-ui:1.0.0-alpha1@aar +--- androidx.legacy:legacy-support-core-utils:1.0.0-alpha1@aar +--- androidx.media:media:1.0.0-alpha1@aar +--- androidx.transition:transition:1.0.0-alpha1@aar +--- androidx.loader:loader:1.0.0-alpha1@aar +--- androidx.viewpager:viewpager:1.0.0-alpha1@aar +--- androidx.coordinatorlayout:coordinatorlayout:1.0.0-alpha1@aar +--- androidx.drawerlayout:drawerlayout:1.0.0-alpha1@aar +--- androidx.slidingpanelayout:slidingpanelayout:1.0.0-alpha1@aar +--- androidx.customview:customview:1.0.0-alpha1@aar +--- androidx.swiperefreshlayout:swiperefreshlayout:1.0.0-alpha1@aar +--- androidx.asynclayoutinflater:asynclayoutinflater:1.0.0-alpha1@aar +--- androidx.core:core:1.0.0-alpha1@aar +--- androidx.collection:collection:1.0.0-alpha1@jar +--- androidx.cursoradapter:cursoradapter:1.0.0-alpha1@aar +--- androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-process:2.0.0-alpha1@aar +--- androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-service:2.0.0-alpha1@aar +--- androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-runtime:2.0.0-alpha1@aar +--- androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-livedata:2.0.0-alpha1@aar +--- androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-livedata-core:2.0.0-alpha1@aar +--- androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-common:2.0.0-alpha1@jar +--- androidx.arch.core:core-runtime:2.0.0-alpha1@aar +--- androidx.arch.core:core-common:2.0.0-alpha1@jar +--- androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-viewmodel:2.0.0-alpha1@aar +--- androidx.documentfile:documentfile:1.0.0-alpha1@aar +--- androidx.localbroadcastmanager:localbroadcastmanager:1.0.0-alpha1@aar +--- androidx.print:print:1.0.0-alpha1@aar +--- androidx.interpolator:interpolator:1.0.0-alpha1@aar +--- androidx.annotation:annotation:1.0.0-alpha1@jar +--- com.android.support.constraint:constraint-layout:1.1.0-beta1@aar +--- com.github.akarnokd:rxjava2-extensions:0.15.2@jar +--- io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxandroid:2.0.1@aar +--- io.reactivex.rxjava2:rxjava:2.0.6@jar +--- org.reactivestreams:reactive-streams:1.0.0@jar +--- com.squareup.moshi:moshi:1.5.0@jar +--- org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-reflect:1.1.1@jar +--- org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.2.41@jar +--- com.squareup.leakcanary:leakcanary-analyzer:1.5.1@jar +--- com.crashlytics.sdk.android:beta:1.2.5@aar +--- com.crashlytics.sdk.android:crashlytics-core:2.3.17@aar +--- com.crashlytics.sdk.android:answers:1.3.13@aar +--- io.fabric.sdk.android:fabric:1.3.17@aar +--- com.google.android.gms:play-services-measurement-base:15.0.2@aar +--- com.android.support.constraint:constraint-layout-solver:1.1.0-beta1@jar +--- com.google.android.gms:play-services-auth-license:11.4.2@aar +--- com.squareup.haha:haha:2.0.3@jar +--- com.squareup.leakcanary:leakcanary-watcher:1.5.1@jar +--- com.google.android.gms:play-services-auth-api-phone-license:11.4.2@aar +--- com.google.android.gms:play-services-auth-base-license:11.4.2@aar +--- com.squareup.okio:okio:1.13.0@jar +--- org.jetbrains:annotations:13.0@jar +--- android.arch.lifecycle:runtime:1.0.0@aar +--- android.arch.lifecycle:common:1.0.0@jar \--- android.arch.core:common:1.0.0@jar 

The question is: is there a way for me to know which dependency is importing the support library apart from checking the build.gradle:

  buildscript {       repositories {           maven { url 'https://maven.fabric.io/public' }           mavenCentral()           google()       }       dependencies {           classpath 'io.fabric.tools:gradle:1.25.4'       }   }    repositories {       mavenCentral()       maven { url 'https://maven.fabric.io/public' }       maven { url 'https://maven.google.com' }   }    apply plugin: 'com.android.application'   apply plugin: 'kotlin-android'   apply plugin: 'kotlin-android-extensions'   apply plugin: 'kotlin-kapt'   apply plugin: 'io.fabric'   apply plugin: 'realm-android'    android {       def versionMajor = 0       def versionMinor = 1       def versionPatch = 0        compileSdkVersion 'android-P'       compileOptions {           targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8           sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8           defaultConfig {               applicationId "org.appid"               versionName "${versionMajor}.${versionMinor}.${versionPatch}"               versionCode versionMajor * 10000               + versionMinor * 100               + versionPatch                minSdkVersion 19               targetSdkVersion 27                dexOptions {                   preDexLibraries = false                   javaMaxHeapSize "4g"               }           }       }        buildTypes {           release {               debuggable false               minifyEnabled true               zipAlignEnabled true               renderscriptDebuggable false               proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'               signingConfig signingConfigs.release               javaCompileOptions.annotationProcessorOptions.arguments['butterknife.debuggable'] = 'false'               resValue "string", "app_version", "${defaultConfig.versionName}"           }           debug {               versionNameSuffix "_dev"               resValue "string", "app_version", "${defaultConfig.versionName}${versionNameSuffix}"               debuggable true               signingConfig signingConfigs.debug               minifyEnabled false           }       }   }    def jsr250_api = '1.0'   def androidxVersion = '1.0.0-alpha1'   def lifecycle_runtime = '2.0.0-alpha1'   def daggerVer = '2.16'   def rxbinding = '2.0.0'   def rxbus2 = '0.1'   def retrofit2 = '2.2.0'   def okhttp3 = '3.4.1'   def firebase = '15.0.0'   def firebase_database = '15.0.1'   def firebaseConfig = '15.0.2'   def firebase_ui_auth = '3.1.0'   def butter_knife = '8.8.1'   def leak_canary = '1.5.1'   def persistent_cookie_jar = 'v1.0.1'   def joda_time = '2.5'   def timber = '4.3.1'   def justified_text_view = '1.0'   def crashlytics = '2.6.8@aar'   def hamcrestVersion = '1.3'   def espresso_core = '3.1.0-alpha1'   def mockitoKotlinVersion       = '1.5.0'   def mockitoKotlinInlineVersion = '2.13.0' // to allow testing final classes   def junit = '4.12'    dependencies {       kapt "com.google.dagger:dagger-android-processor:$daggerVer"       implementation "com.google.dagger:dagger-android:$daggerVer"       kapt "com.google.dagger:dagger-compiler:$daggerVer"        implementation "androidx.appcompat:appcompat:$androidxVersion"       implementation "androidx.cardview:cardview:$androidxVersion"       implementation "androidx.recyclerview:recyclerview:$androidxVersion"       implementation "androidx.gridlayout:gridlayout:$androidxVersion"       implementation "androidx.preference:preference:$androidxVersion"       implementation "androidx.vectordrawable:vectordrawable:$androidxVersion"       implementation "androidx.palette:palette:$androidxVersion"       implementation "com.google.android.material:material:$androidxVersion"        implementation "com.google.firebase:firebase-auth:$firebase"       implementation "com.google.firebase:firebase-config:$firebaseConfig"       implementation "com.google.firebase:firebase-database:$firebase_database"       implementation "com.firebaseui:firebase-ui-auth:$firebase_ui_auth"       implementation "com.jakewharton.rxbinding2:rxbinding:$rxbinding"       implementation "com.jakewharton.rxrelay2:rxrelay:$rxbinding"        implementation "joda-time:joda-time:$joda_time"       implementation "com.jakewharton.timber:timber:$timber"       implementation "com.uncopt:android.justified:$justified_text_view"        implementation "androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-common-java8:$lifecycle_runtime"       kapt "androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-compiler:$lifecycle_runtime"       implementation "androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-extensions:$lifecycle_runtime"       testImplementation "androidx.arch.core:core-testing:$lifecycle_runtime"        //To use LiveData with ReactiveStreams API       implementation "androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-reactivestreams:$lifecycle_runtime"       implementation "com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:$retrofit2"       implementation "com.squareup.retrofit2:adapter-rxjava2:$retrofit2"       implementation "com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-moshi:$retrofit2"       implementation "com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-scalars:$retrofit2"       implementation "com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:$okhttp3"       implementation "com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp-urlconnection:$okhttp3"       implementation "com.squareup.okhttp3:logging-interceptor:$okhttp3"       implementation "com.github.franmontiel:PersistentCookieJar:$persistent_cookie_jar"       implementation 'com.squareup.moshi:moshi-kotlin:1.5.0'       implementation "com.github.MFlisar:RxBus2:$rxbus2"       kapt "com.jakewharton:butterknife-compiler:$butter_knife"       implementation "com.jakewharton:butterknife:$butter_knife"       implementation "com.squareup.leakcanary:leakcanary-android:$leak_canary"       releaseImplementation "com.squareup.leakcanary:leakcanary-android-no-op:$leak_canary"       testImplementation "com.squareup.leakcanary:leakcanary-android-no-op:$leak_canary"       compileOnly "javax.annotation:jsr250-api:$jsr250_api"       implementation("com.crashlytics.sdk.android:crashlytics:$crashlytics") {           transitive = true       }       implementation 'com.f2prateek.rx.preferences2:rx-preferences:2.0.0-RC2'       implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:$kotlin_version"       testImplementation "junit:junit:$junit"       testImplementation "com.nhaarman:mockito-kotlin:$mockitoKotlinVersion"       testImplementation "org.mockito:mockito-inline:$mockitoKotlinInlineVersion"       testImplementation "org.hamcrest:hamcrest-core:$hamcrestVersion"       testImplementation "org.hamcrest:hamcrest-library:$hamcrestVersion"       testImplementation "org.hamcrest:hamcrest-integration:$hamcrestVersion"       androidTestImplementation("androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:$espresso_core", {           exclude group: 'com.android.support', module: 'support-annotations'       })   }    androidExtensions {       experimental = true   }    apply plugin: 'com.google.gms.google-services'    android.packagingOptions {       exclude 'LICENSE.txt'       exclude 'META-INF/LICENSE.txt'       exclude 'META-INF/NOTICE.txt'       exclude 'META-INF/rxjava.properties'   }    configurations.all {       resolutionStrategy.force 'com.google.code.findbugs:jsr305:1.3.9'   } 

Answer 1

I have very similar problem and in my case solution is add in gradle.properties this two lines:

android.useAndroidX=true android.enableJetifier=true 

I hope it will help.