Need to associate unique integer value with classes

Question

Alright, so I have a base class which we'll call TFruit. From this there are various descendants like TApple, TOrange and so on. I need to save the properties of the descendant classes to a file.

In order to be able to create the right class when loading the data, each class needs to have an ID that I write to the file before writing the actual data. Currently, I've come up with the following way of doing it:

type
  TFruit = class
    const ID = 0;
  end;

  TApple = class(TFruit)
    const ID = 1;
  end;

  TOrange = class(TFruit)
    const ID = 2;
  end;

Testing this, I found out that I need to be super careful which class I declare. If I use this:

  var Fruit: TFruit;

  Fruit := TOrange.Create;

...then Fruit.ID will return zero. However, declaring Fruit as a TOrange will yield the expected result Fruit.ID = 2 (anyone know why?)

So basically, am I doing this right or is there a better way to do it? Having to create a class function and return a value from there seems very ugly by comparison (extra function declaration, implementation and code).

Answer 1

An easier to maintain solution would be to create a mapping class where you register all classes you'd like to convert to an integer.

Advantages

• Ability to detect duplicate registrations.
• Independent of your class structure.
• Includes the transformation back to a classname.

Usage

  RegisterClass.Register(0, TFruit);
  RegisterClass.Register(1, TApple);
  RegisterClass.Register(2, TOrange);

Implementation

  TRegisterClass = class
  private
    FList: TStringList;
  public
    function FindID(AClass: TClass): Integer;
    function FindClassName(const ID: Integer): string;
    procedure Register(const ID: Integer; AClass: TClass);
  end;
  ...
  function TRegisterClass.FindID(AClass: TClass): Integer;
  begin
    Assert(Assigned(AClass));

    Result := -1;
    if FList.IndexOf(AClass.ClassName) <> -1 then
      Result := Integer(FList.Objects[FList.IndexOf(AClass.ClassName)]);
  end;

  function TRegisterClass.FindClassName(const ID: Integer): string;
  var
    I: Integer;
  begin
    Result := EmptyStr;
    for I := 0 to Pred(FList.Count) do
      if Integer(FList.Objects[I]) = ID then
      begin
        Result := FList[I];
        Exit;
      end;
  end;

  procedure TRegisterClass.Register(const ID: Integer; AClass: TClass);
  begin
    if IsAlreadyRegistered(ID) then 
      raise Exception.Create('Duplicate ID Registration')
    else if IsAlreadyRegistered(AClass) then 
      raise Exception.Create('Duplicate Class Registration');

    FList.AddObject(AClass.ClassName, Pointer(ID)); 
  end;

Please note that there are better structures to map a String to an Integer. Writing this without a compiler and don't knowing many basic structures beyond Delphi5, I've chosen an obvious implementation.

Note that the IsAlreadyRegistered overloaded functions still have to be written

Answer 2

there are many possibilities, for example:

function TFruit.GetClassId(): Word;
begin
  Result := CRC16(ClassName);
end;