g++ undefined reference although symbol is present in *.so file

Question

I found a number of similar questions (e.g. this, that or this), but none of them helped me solve my problem. I have a *.so file (from the core of gnss-sdr) that, as indicated by:

$nm libgnss_system_parameters_dyn.so  | c++filt  |grep Gps_Eph 

contains the symbol Gps_Ephemeris::Gps_Ephemeris(), which is supposed to be a constructor.

I've written some minimal code:

#include <iostream> #include <core/system_parameters/gps_ephemeris.h>  int main(int argc,const char* argv[]) {     Gps_Ephemeris ge;     return 0;  } 

which I compile with:

g++  main.cpp -std=c++0x -I some_include_path -L some_lib_path -l gnss_system_parameters_dyn` 

The linker then complains:

/tmp/ccHCvldG.o: In function `main': main.cpp:(.text+0x33): undefined reference to `Gps_Ephemeris::Gps_Ephemeris()' collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status 

I also tried cmake, but the line it generated was similar to that (it just added -rdynamic before linking), and it still generated the exact same linker error.

Note that both the library and my minimal code are being compiled with the same compiler (g++-5), with the exact same flags and the same c++0x standard.

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Addressing the answer by Maxim Egorushkin, the line:

nm --demangle --defined-only --extern-only libgnss_system_parameters.so  |grep Gps_Eph 

doesn't output anything. However, the symbol is defined in the static library (i.e. the *.a library):

00000000000006b0 T Gps_Ephemeris::Gps_Ephemeris() 00000000000006b0 T Gps_Ephemeris::Gps_Ephemeris() 

Knowing that both are generated by cmake, in the following way:

add_library(lib_name SHARED ${sources_etc}) #for the *.so add_library(lib_name_2 ${sources_etc}) #for the *.a 

there should be no difference in symbols contained/defined in those libraries, right? I didn't notice anything in cmake's documentation on add_library. Am I missing something obvious?

Answer 1

The pedantically correct way to check that a .so exports a symbol is nm --demangle --dynamic --defined-only --extern-only <lib.so> | grep <symbol>.

Without --defined-only your command also shows undefined symbols.

Without --extern-only it also shows symbols with internal linkage which are unavailable for linking.

It looks like you need to link another library because Gps_Ephemeris::Gps_Ephermeris() is not resolved by linking libgnss_system_parameters_dyn.so. A good way to start is that library's documentation and examples.

Answer 2

I have found in the past that this type of error is caused by the lack of proper extern "C" { ... } bracketing in an include file.