Java 13 delivers long-awaited multiline strings. You no longer need to escape the special characters in string literals or use concatenation operators for values that span multiple lines. You can also control how to format your strings.
Multiline Strings are now supported in Java via Text Blocks. In Java 13 and 14, this feature requires you to set the ––enable–preview option when building and running your project. In Java 15 and later, this option is no longer required as Text Blocks have become a standard feature.
A single statement can display multiple lines by using newline characters, which indicate to System.
Text Blocks (Preview in Java 13, 14) 7.1 Now, we can use three double-quote characters (""") to declare multi-line string in Java.
It sounds like you want to do a multiline literal, which does not exist in Java.
Your best alternative is going to be strings that are just +
'd together. Some other options people have mentioned (StringBuilder, String.format, String.join) would only be preferable if you started with an array of strings.
Consider this:
String s = "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times,\n"
+ "it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness,\n"
+ "it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity,\n"
+ "it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness,\n"
+ "it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair,\n"
+ "we had everything before us, we had nothing before us";
Versus StringBuilder
:
String s = new StringBuilder()
.append("It was the best of times, it was the worst of times,\n")
.append("it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness,\n")
.append("it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity,\n")
.append("it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness,\n")
.append("it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair,\n")
.append("we had everything before us, we had nothing before us")
.toString();
Versus String.format()
:
String s = String.format("%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s\n%s"
, "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times,"
, "it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness,"
, "it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity,"
, "it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness,"
, "it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair,"
, "we had everything before us, we had nothing before us"
);
Versus Java8 String.join()
:
String s = String.join("\n"
, "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times,"
, "it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness,"
, "it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity,"
, "it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness,"
, "it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair,"
, "we had everything before us, we had nothing before us"
);
If you want the newline for your particular system, you either need to use System.lineSeparator()
, or you can use %n
in String.format
.
Another option is to put the resource in a text file, and just read the contents of that file. This would be preferable for very large strings to avoid unnecessarily bloating your class files.
In Eclipse if you turn on the option "Escape text when pasting into a string literal" (in Preferences > Java > Editor > Typing) and paste a multi-lined string whithin quotes, it will automatically add "
and \n" +
for all your lines.
String str = "paste your text here";
Stephen Colebourne has created a proposal for adding multi-line strings in Java 7.
Also, Groovy already has support for multi-line strings.
This is an old thread, but a new quite elegant solution (with only 4 maybe 3 little drawbacks) is to use a custom annotation.
Check : http://www.adrianwalker.org/2011/12/java-multiline-string.html
A project inspired from that work is hosted on GitHub:
https://github.com/benelog/multiline
Example of Java code:
import org.adrianwalker.multilinestring.Multiline;
...
public final class MultilineStringUsage {
/**
<html>
<head/>
<body>
<p>
Hello<br/>
Multiline<br/>
World<br/>
</p>
</body>
</html>
*/
@Multiline
private static String html;
public static void main(final String[] args) {
System.out.println(html);
}
}
The drawbacks are
<%= variable %>
) :-)And you probably have to configure Eclipse/Intellij-Idea to not reformat automatically your Javadoc comments.
One may find this weird (Javadoc comments are not designed to embed anything other than comments), but as this lack of multiline string in Java is really annoying in the end, I find this to be the least worst solution.
Another option may be to store long strings in an external file and read the file into a string.
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