Difference between std::atomic and std::condition_variable wait, notify_* methods

Question

I was looking through 'Atomic operations library' and came across a new c++20 feature of atomic 'wait' and 'notify_' methods. I am curious on what the differences are in regards to std::condition_variable's 'wait' and 'notify_' methods.

Answer 1

std:atomic wait, notify_all and notify_one methods are similar to methods of conditional variables. They allow the implementation of the logic that previously required conditional variable by using much more efficient and lightweight atomic variables without using a mutex.

The wait function blocks the thread until the value of the atomic object modifies. It takes an argument to compare with the value of the atomic object. And it repeatedly performs:

• If the values are equal, it blocks the thread until notified by notify_one or notify_all, or the thread is unblocked spuriously.
• Otherwise, returns.

NOTE: wait is guaranteed to return only if the value has changed, even if underlying implementation unblocks spuriously.

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You can find the implementation here: https://github.com/ogiroux/atomic_wait/.

The strategy is chosen this way, by platform:

• Linux: default to futex (with table), fallback to futex (no table) -> CVs -> timed backoff -> spin.
• Mac: default to CVs (table), fallback to timed backoff -> spin.
• Windows: default to futex (no table), fallback to timed backoff -> spin.
• CUDA: default to timed backoff, fallback to spin. (This is not all checked in in this tree.)
• Unidentified platform: default to spin.