Cannot pass closure as parameter [duplicate]

Question

I'm learning Rust right now, and it seems I can't specify a closure as a function parameter. Here's what I have:

fn foo(a: i32, f: |i32| -> i32) -> i32 {
    f(a)
}

fn main() {
    let bar = foo(5, |x| { x + 1 });
    println!("{}", bar);
}

I get the following error:

foo.rs:1:19: 1:20 error: expected type, found `|`
foo.rs:1 fn foo(a: i32, f: |i32| -> i32) -> i32 {

Okay, so it didn't like the closure syntax. This is sort of annoying, because now I have to write this:

fn foo(a: i32, f: Box<Fn(i32) -> i32>) -> i32 {
    f(a)
}

fn main() {
    let bar = foo(5, Box::new(|x| { x + 1 }));
    println!("{}", bar);
}

So what's going on? I've read in a few different places that the first example is valid, so was this "closure type parameter" syntax removed, or am I just doing something wrong?

Answer 1

If anyone is interested in this question today, here's the syntax with generics:

fn foo<F: Fn(i32) -> i32>(a: i32, f: F) -> i32 {
    f(a)
}

fn main() {
    let bar = foo(5, |x| { x + 1 });
    println!("{}", bar);
}

Or, using trait objects:

fn foo(a: i32, f: Box<Fn(i32) -> i32>) -> i32 {
    f(a)
}

fn main() {
    let bar = foo(5, Box::new(|x| { x + 1 }));
    println!("{}", bar);
}

You should prefer the former.

Answer 2

Rust has been developed in the open from the beginning and the language has evolved a lot since then. The Stack Overflow article you're linking to is almost 1 year old, which in pre-1.0 Rust time is as long as a lifetime... (pun intended)

The most straightforward answer would be: keep in mind that a lot of articles, blogs posts, SO answers... are not relevant anymore because the language changed. If you try a solution and it doesn't work, just find the newer syntax (as you did!) and move on.

For this specific case, this RFC documents the change from |...| -> ... to Fn/FnMut/FnOnce(...) -> ....

By the way, there is a plan for a community effort to find outdated articles and explicitly mark them as deprecated, in order for this particular problem to be avoided. I can't find the link to it, though.