I'm a minor contributor to a package where people are meant to do this (Foo.Bar.Bar
is a class):
>>> from Foo.Bar import Bar
>>> s = Bar('a')
Sometimes people do this by mistake (Foo.Bar
is a module):
>>> from Foo import Bar
>>> s = Bar('a')
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: 'module' object is not callable
This might seems simple, but users still fail to debug it, I would like to make it easier. I can't change the names of Foo
or Bar
but I would like to add a more informative traceback like:
TypeError("'module' object is not callable, perhaps you meant to call 'Bar.Bar()'")
I read the Callable modules Q&A, and I know that I can't add a __call__
method to a module (and I don't want to wrap the whole module in a class just for this). Anyway, I don't want the module to be callable, I just want a custom traceback. Is there a clean solution for Python 3.x and 2.7+?
The Python "TypeError: 'module' object is not callable" occurs when we import a module as import some_module but try to call it as a function or class. To solve the error, use dot notation to access the specific function or class before calling it, e.g. module. my_func() .
The Python "TypeError: 'tuple' object is not callable" occurs when we try to call a tuple as if it were a function. To solve the error, make sure to use square brackets when accessing a tuple at a specific index, e.g. my_tuple[0] .
How to Make an Object Callable. Simply, you make an object callable by overriding the special method __call__() . __call__(self, arg1, .., argn, *args, **kwargs) : This method is like any other normal method in Python. It also can accept positional and arbitrary arguments.
The result was the TypeError: 'str' object is not callable error. This is happening because we are using a variable name that the compiler already recognizes as something different. To fix this, you can rename the variable to a something that isn't a predefined keyword in Python. Now the code works perfectly.
Add this to top of Bar.py
: (Based on this question)
import sys
this_module = sys.modules[__name__]
class MyModule(sys.modules[__name__].__class__):
def __call__(self, *a, **k): # module callable
raise TypeError("'module' object is not callable, perhaps you meant to call 'Bar.Bar()'")
def __getattribute__(self, name):
return this_module.__getattribute__(name)
sys.modules[__name__] = MyModule(__name__)
# the rest of file
class Bar:
pass
Note: Tested with python3.6 & python2.7.
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