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The default MySQL server character set and collation are latin1 and latin1_swedish_ci , but you can specify character sets at the server, database, table, column, and string literal levels.
A collation is a set of rules that defines how to compare and sort character strings. Each collation in MySQL belongs to a single character set. Every character set has at least one collation, and most have two or more collations. A collation orders characters based on weights.
To change the character set encoding to UTF-8 for the database itself, type the following command at the mysql> prompt. Replace dbname with the database name: Copy ALTER DATABASE dbname CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci; To exit the mysql program, type \q at the mysql> prompt.
The bloke who wrote it was co-head of a Swedish company.
Possibly for similar reasons, Microsoft SQL Server's default language us_english.
latin1_swedish_ci is a single byte character set, unlike utf8_general_ci.
Compared to latin1_general_ci it has support for a variety of extra characters used in European languages. So it’s a best choice if you don’t know what language you will be using, if you are constrained to use only single byte character sets.
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