Does Blender use OpenGl or DirectX? Or is it all done from scratch?
Blender is coded in 3 languages; C, C++ and Python. Python is used as an internal scripting language for Blender, the majority of the Blender code is in C and C++, so we will focus on that.
Blender's History Roosendaal wrote the first source files titled “Blender” on the 2nd of January, 1994, still considered Blender's official birthday. Originally, Blender was planned as an in-house application for NeoGeo; it grew from a series of pre-existing tools, including a ray-tracer built for the Amiga.
Version 1.00 was released in January 1995, with the primary author being company co-owner and software developer Ton Roosendaal. The name Blender was inspired by a song by the Swiss electronic band Yello, from the album Baby, which NeoGeo used in its showreel.
Does Blender use OpenGl or DirectX?
All graphics output of Blender is done using OpenGL.
Or does it use a programming language (python?) to do everything from scratch?
Why "or"? An API doesn't substitute a programming language. Blender has been programmed in C, C++ and Python. OpenGL is used to render everthing on screen, including the user interface.
Expanding on what datenwolf said. Blender for the majority was written in C, the Game Engine was written in C++ and the entire application has Python bindings (meaning you can use python within the application). Blender uses OpenGL and has a special engine (comprised of opengl calls and functionality, mostly legacy but pushing to use modern stuff, vbos etc) that is used to draw the interface and power its 3d capabilities called GHOST.
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