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Going through a MakeFile I find
PROJECT_ROOT = $(shell pwd)
What value does it give?
$SHELL gives the shell and $PWD gives present working directory
But what does $(shell pwd) give?
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$(...) allows command substitution, i.e. allows the output of a command to replace the command itself and can be nested. Follow this answer to receive notifications. edited Dec 23, 2018 at 19:57.
The pwd command writes to standard output the full path name of your current directory (from the root directory). All directories are separated by a / (slash). The root directory is represented by the first /, and the last directory named is your current directory.
The dollar sign before the thing in parenthesis usually refers to a variable. This means that this command is either passing an argument to that variable from a bash script or is getting the value of that variable for something.
To determine the exact location of your current directory within the file system, go to a shell prompt and type the command pwd. This tells you that you are in the user sam's directory, which is in the /home directory. The command pwd stands for print working directory.
The $(shell) function calls out to the shell to execute a command. The command being executed in this case is pwd, like if you ran pwd at the bash shell prompt.
So, $(shell pwd) will return the current working directory. You may not be guaranteed that the $PWD variable exists in your make environment.
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