what is the purpose of including empty beans.xml in CDI implemenations projects?

Question

I am using weld,a RI of CDI as dependency injection component in my JSF-EJB-JPA web app. I see in my project we have empty beans.xml in META-INF/beans.xml in ejb.jar and WEB-INF/beans.xml in my WAR. I don't get it why we need to keep empty beans.xml when there nothing defined in that file?

Answer 1

CDI needs to scan all the classes of a bean archive at start-up and fire a bunch of events because almost any class is automatically a managed bean (read more here), even if it doesn't have any annotations.

This would incur quite a bit of overhead, especially for jar files that are not meant to have any beans, and it is therefore beneficial to explicitly indicate which bean archives should be scanned by including the beans.xml.

Answer 2

1

A completely empty beans.xml is the same as having a beans.xml inside the archive with the following content:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/beans_1_1.xsd"
       bean-discovery-mode="all">
</beans>

Because of bean-discovery-mode="all" the archive will be scanned for beans. No need to annotate them.

2

A non-existent beans.xml it is the same as having a beans.xml inside the archive with the following content:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/beans_1_1.xsd"
       bean-discovery-mode="annotated">

</beans>

Because of bean-discovery-mode="annotated" the archive will be scanned for beans among classes that are annotated (e.g. @Dependent ). All other classes will be ignored, therefore cannot be injected as beans.

3

A third option is to declare bean-discovery-mode="none" in which case the server never scans the archive for beans.

4

Now for the case on which you want to load a class as a bean but you cannot access the archive (e.g. external library) and the class is not annotated, the solution is to use a Producer methods (with or without qualifiers).