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In the table on this page from the GCC documentation, one of the items (about halfway down the table) is listed as "core language" only. What does that mean? What parts of the language wouldn't be included?
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Core language—the idiosyncratic words and sentences of our deepest fears that provide clues leading to the source of unresolved trauma. Core language can also be expressed in physical sensations, behaviors, emotions, impulses, and symptoms of an illness or condition.
An example of a core is the essence of a person and how they treat the world around them. An example of a core is the inner most part of our planet.
Language Content. Content is simply defined as the meaning of information. Language contains words to describe virtually everything that we know about our world. These words describe objects, actions, events, and concepts.
The Standard library is part of the language. To express the subset of the language that concerns only with the rules of the syntax, semantic rules, and such but not with the library, people use the term core language. For example there is a working group called "core working group" (CWG) and "library working group" (LWG) in the C++ committee.
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People often mean everything of C++ except the standard library, which is also part of the language specification.
As an more authoritative example Stephan T. Lavavej (STL) is a key C++ developer at Microsoft. In his lecture series about the Core Language he defines it to be anything you have access to without including any header.
He does not consider himself a Core Language developer. For example he worked on shared_ptr which is a fundamental part of C++11, arguably more fundamental than the strings and streams the comments mention.
The C++ standard does not mention Core Language, but the standard library is
17 Library introduction
18 Language support library
19 Diagnostics library
20 General utilities library
21 Strings library
22 Localization library
23 Containers library
24 Iterators library
25 Algorithms library
26 Numerics library
27 Input/output library
28 Regular expressions library
29 Atomic operations library
30 Thread support library
I would argue chapter 1-16 is (almost?) only concerned with the core language, but there may be more.
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