Unexpected 'else' in "else" error

Question

I get this error:

Error: unexpected 'else' in " else"

From this if, else statement:

if (dsnt<0.05) {
     wilcox.test(distance[result=='nt'],distance[result=='t'],alternative=c("two.sided"),paired=TRUE) }
else {
      if (dst<0.05) {
wilcox.test(distance[result=='nt'],distance[result=='t'],alternative=c("two.sided"),paired=TRUE) }
   else {
         t.test(distance[result=='nt'],distance[result=='t'],alternative=c("two.sided"),paired=TRUE)       } }

What is wrong with this?

Answer 1

You need to rearrange your curly brackets. Your first statement is complete, so R interprets it as such and produces syntax errors on the other lines. Your code should look like:

if (dsnt<0.05) {   wilcox.test(distance[result=='nt'],distance[result=='t'],alternative=c("two.sided"),paired=TRUE) } else if (dst<0.05) {   wilcox.test(distance[result=='nt'],distance[result=='t'],alternative=c("two.sided"),paired=TRUE) } else {   t.test(distance[result=='nt'],distance[result=='t'],alternative=c("two.sided"),paired=TRUE)        }  

To put it more simply, if you have:

if(condition == TRUE) x <- TRUE else x <- FALSE 

Then R reads the first line and because it is complete, runs that in its entirety. When it gets to the next line, it goes "Else? Else what?" because it is a completely new statement. To have R interpret the else as part of the preceding if statement, you must have curly brackets to tell R that you aren't yet finished:

if(condition == TRUE) {x <- TRUE  } else {x <- FALSE} 

Answer 2

I would suggest to read up a bit on the syntax. See here.

if (dsnt<0.05) {   wilcox.test(distance[result=='nt'],distance[result=='t'],alternative=c("two.sided"),paired=TRUE)  } else if (dst<0.05) {     wilcox.test(distance[result=='nt'],distance[result=='t'],alternative=c("two.sided"),paired=TRUE) } else    t.test(distance[result=='nt'],distance[result=='t'],alternative=c("two.sided"),paired=TRUE)