Use the built-in time keyword: $ help time time: time [-p] PIPELINE Execute PIPELINE and print a summary of the real time, user CPU time, and system CPU time spent executing PIPELINE when it terminates.
The date command under UNIX displays date and time. You can use the same command set date and time. You must be the super-user (root) to change the date and time on Unix like operating systems. The date command shows the date and time read from the kernel clock.
Yes, use time <command>, such as 
time ls
Consult man time for more options. Link.
Use
/usr/bin/time 
instead that the time builtin in the bash: it is more configurable AFAIK.
e.g. /usr/bin/time --format=' \n---- \nelapsed time is %e'ls
    Here is how a sleep of one second looks like, timed with time:
$ time sleep 1
real    0m1.001s
user    0m0.000s
sys 0m0.000s
    
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