How would I go about creating a wireless adhoc network with a specified SSID and password on OS X?  I tried looking at the networksetup man page but didn't come up with anything to accomplish this.  Is there another command I should be using?
In OSX 10.13, I had to modify @dan-ramos 's code to:
import Foundation
import CoreWLAN
let networkName = "foo"
let password = "bar"
if let iface = CWWiFiClient.shared().interface() {
    do {
        try iface.startIBSSMode(
            withSSID: networkName.data(using: String.Encoding.utf8)!,
            security: CWIBSSModeSecurity.WEP104,
            channel: 11,
            password: password as String
        )
        print("Success")
    } catch let error as NSError {
        print("Error", error)
        exit(1)
    }
} else {
    print("Invalid interface")
    exit(1)
}
                        I didn't find any real way to do it other than to write a Swift script:
import Foundation
import CoreWLAN
var networkName = "foo";
var password = "bar";
var error: NSError?
let iface = CWWiFiClient.sharedWiFiClient().interface()
let success = iface.startIBSSModeWithSSID(
    networkName.dataUsingEncoding(NSUTF8StringEncoding),
    security: CWIBSSModeSecurity.WEP104,
    channel: 11,
    password: password as String,
    error: &error
)
if !success {
    println(error?.localizedDescription)
} else {
    NSRunLoop.currentRunLoop().run()
}
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