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Post an HTML Table to ADO.NET DataTable

In order to bind to a model on post back, the name attributes of the form controls must match the model properties. Your use of a foreach loop does not generate the correct name attributes. If you inspect the html you will see multiple instances of

<input type="text" name="item.LeaveType" .../>

but in order to bind to your model the controls would need to be

<input type="text" name="LeaveDetailsList[0].LeaveType" .../>
<input type="text" name="LeaveDetailsList[1].LeaveType" .../>

etc. The easiest way to think about this is to consider how you would access the value of a LeaveType property in C# code

var model = new LeaveBalanceViewModel();
// add some LeaveBalanceDetails instances to the LeaveDetailsList property, then access a value
var leaveType = model.LeaveDetailsList[0].LeaveType;

Since your POST method will have a parameter name (say model), just drop the prefix (model) and that's how the name attribute of the control must be. In order to do that you must use either a for loop (the collection must implement IList<T>)

for(int i = 0; i < Model.LeaveDetailsList.Count; i++)
{
    @Html.TextBoxFor(m => m.LeaveDetailsList[i].LeaveType)
    ....
}

or use a custom EditorTemplate (the collection need only implement IEnumerable<T>)

In /Views/Shared/EditorTemplates/LeaveBalanceDetails.cshtml

@model yourAssembly.LeaveBalanceDetails
<tr>
    <td>@Html.TextBoxFor(m => m.LeaveType)</td>
    ....
</tr>

and then in the main view (not in a loop)

<table>
    .... // add headings (preferably in a thead element
    <tbody>
        @Html.EditorFor(m => m.LeaveDetailsList)
    </tbody>
</table>

and finally, in the controller

public ActionResult Edit(LeaveBalanceViewModel model)
{
    // iterate over model.LeaveDetailsList and save the items
}

With respect to your requirement, try this

jQuery(document).on("change", ".DDLChoices", function (e) {
    var comma_ChoiceIds = '';
    var comma_ChoicesText = '';
    $('input[class="DDLChoices"]').each(function (e) {
        if (this.checked) {
            comma_ChoiceIds = comma_ChoiceIds + $(this).val() + ',';
            comma_ChoicesText = comma_ChoicesText + $(this).parent('label').parent() + ',';
        }
    });
    $('#ChoiceIds').val(comma_ChoiceIds);
    $('#ChoiceText').val(comma_ChoicesText);
});
@using (Html.BeginForm("Actionname", "Controllername", FormMethod.Post, new { id = "frmChoices" }))
{

    @Html.HiddenFor(m => m.ChoiceText, new { @id = "ChoiceText" })
    @Html.HiddenFor(m => m.ChoiceIds, new { @id = "ChoiceIds" })
    <div class="form-group">
        <div>
            <table>
                <tr>
                    <th>Name</th>
                    <th>Selected</th>
                </tr>
                @foreach (var item in @Model.Choices)
                {
                    <tr>
                        <td> <label>@item.ChoicesText</label>    </td>
                        <td> <input class="DDLChoices" value="@item.ChoiceIds" type="checkbox" /></td>
                    </tr>
                }
            </table>
        </div>
     <input type="button" value="Submit" onclick="return ChoicesPoster.passChoices()"
    </div>
}