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While doing some benchmarking to answer this question about the fastest way to concatenate arrays I was surprised that when I did the same benchmarks in with jRuby the tests were a lot slower.
Does this mean that the old adagio about jRuby being faster than MRI Ruby is gone ? Or is this about how arrays are treated in jRuby ?
Here the benchmark and the results in both MRI Ruby 2.3.0 and jRuby 9.1.2.0
Both run on a 64bit Windows 7 box, all 4 processors busy for 50-60%, memory in use ± 5.5GB. The jRuby had to be started with the parameter -J-Xmx1500M to provide enough heap space. I had to remove the test with push because of stack level too deep and also removed the slowest methods to not make the tests too long. Used Jave runtime: 1.7.0_21
require 'Benchmark'
N = 100
class Array
def concat_all
self.reduce([], :+)
end
end
# small arrays
a = (1..10).to_a
b = (11..20).to_a
c = (21..30).to_a
Benchmark.bm do |r|
r.report('plus ') { N.times { a + b + c }}
r.report('concat ') { N.times { [].concat(a).concat(b).concat(c) }}
r.report('splash ') { N.times {[*a, *b, *c]} }
r.report('concat_all ') { N.times { [a, b, c].concat_all }}
r.report('flat_map ') { N.times {[a, b, c].flat_map(&:itself)} }
end
#large arrays
a = (1..10_000_000).to_a
b = (10_000_001..20_000_000).to_a
c = (20_000_001..30_000_000).to_a
Benchmark.bm do |r|
r.report('plus ') { N.times { a + b + c }}
r.report('concat ') { N.times { [].concat(a).concat(b).concat(c) }}
r.report('splash ') { N.times {[*a, *b, *c]} }
r.report('concat_all ') { N.times { [a, b, c].concat_all }}
r.report('flat_map ') { N.times {[a, b, c].flat_map(&:itself)} }
end
This question is not about the different methods used, see the original question for that. In both situations MRI is 7 times faster ! Can someone exlain me why ? I'm also curious to how other implementations do, like RBX (Rubinius)
C:\Users\...>d:\jruby\bin\jruby -J-Xmx1500M concat3.rb
user system total real
plus 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 ( 0.000946)
concat 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 ( 0.001436)
splash 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 ( 0.001456)
concat_all 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 ( 0.002177)
flat_map 0.010000 0.000000 0.010000 ( 0.003179)
user system total real
plus 140.166000 0.000000 140.166000 (140.158687)
concat 143.475000 0.000000 143.475000 (143.473786)
splash 139.408000 0.000000 139.408000 (139.406671)
concat_all 144.475000 0.000000 144.475000 (144.474436)
flat_map143.519000 0.000000 143.519000 (143.517636)
C:\Users\...>ruby concat3.rb
user system total real
plus 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 ( 0.000074)
concat 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 ( 0.000065)
splash 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 ( 0.000098)
concat_all 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 ( 0.000141)
flat_map 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 ( 0.000122)
user system total real
plus 15.226000 6.723000 21.949000 ( 21.958854)
concat 11.700000 9.142000 20.842000 ( 20.928087)
splash 21.247000 12.589000 33.836000 ( 33.933170)
concat_all 14.508000 8.315000 22.823000 ( 22.871641)
flat_map 11.170000 8.923000 20.093000 ( 20.170945)
323
JRuby is similar to the standard Ruby interpreter except written in Java. JRuby features some of the same concepts, including object-oriented programming, and dynamic typing as Ruby. The key difference is that JRuby is tightly integrated with Java, and can be called directly from Java programs.
JRuby is an open source implementation of the Ruby programming language for the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). It allows Ruby applications to be run within a Java Virtual Machine and interface with libraries written in either Java or Ruby.
The most commonly used Ruby interpreter is the reference implementation, Ruby MRI, developed in C by the creator of Ruby (Yukihiro Matsumoto) and the Ruby core team.
Installing JRuby. For all platforms, make sure you have Java SE installed. You can test this by running the command java -version .
general rule is (as mentioned in the comments) that JRuby/JVM needs warmup.
usually bmbm is good fit, although TIMES=1000 should be increased (at least for the small array cases), also 1.5G might be not enough for optimal performance of JRuby (noticed a considerable change in numbers going from -Xmx2g to -Xmx3g). here's the results :
ruby 2.3.1p112 (2016-04-26 revision 54768) [x86_64-linux]
$ ruby concat3.rb
Rehearsal -----------------------------------------------
plus 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 ( 0.000076)
concat 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 ( 0.000070)
splash 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 ( 0.000099)
concat_all 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 ( 0.000136)
flat_map 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 ( 0.000138)
-------------------------------------- total: 0.000000sec
user system total real
plus 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 ( 0.000051)
concat 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 ( 0.000059)
splash 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 ( 0.000083)
concat_all 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 ( 0.000120)
flat_map 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 ( 0.000173)
Rehearsal -----------------------------------------------
plus 43.040000 3.320000 46.360000 ( 46.351004)
concat 15.080000 3.870000 18.950000 ( 19.228059)
splash 49.680000 4.820000 54.500000 ( 54.587707)
concat_all 51.840000 5.260000 57.100000 ( 57.114867)
flat_map 17.380000 5.340000 22.720000 ( 22.716987)
------------------------------------ total: 199.630000sec
user system total real
plus 42.880000 3.600000 46.480000 ( 46.506013)
concat 17.230000 5.290000 22.520000 ( 22.890809)
splash 60.300000 7.480000 67.780000 ( 67.878534)
concat_all 54.910000 6.480000 61.390000 ( 61.404383)
flat_map 17.310000 5.570000 22.880000 ( 23.223789)
...
jruby 9.1.6.0 (2.3.1) 2016-11-09 0150a76 Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM 25.112-b15 on 1.8.0_112-b15 +jit [linux-x86_64]
$ jruby -J-Xmx3g concat3.rb
Rehearsal -----------------------------------------------
plus 0.010000 0.000000 0.010000 ( 0.001445)
concat 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 ( 0.002534)
splash 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 ( 0.001791)
concat_all 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 ( 0.002513)
flat_map 0.010000 0.000000 0.010000 ( 0.007088)
-------------------------------------- total: 0.020000sec
user system total real
plus 0.010000 0.000000 0.010000 ( 0.002700)
concat 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 ( 0.001085)
splash 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 ( 0.001569)
concat_all 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 ( 0.003052)
flat_map 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 ( 0.002252)
Rehearsal -----------------------------------------------
plus 32.410000 0.670000 33.080000 ( 17.385688)
concat 18.610000 0.060000 18.670000 ( 11.206419)
splash 57.770000 0.330000 58.100000 ( 25.366032)
concat_all 19.100000 0.030000 19.130000 ( 13.747319)
flat_map 16.160000 0.040000 16.200000 ( 10.534130)
------------------------------------ total: 145.180000sec
user system total real
plus 16.060000 0.040000 16.100000 ( 11.737483)
concat 15.950000 0.030000 15.980000 ( 10.480468)
splash 47.870000 0.130000 48.000000 ( 22.668069)
concat_all 19.150000 0.030000 19.180000 ( 13.934314)
flat_map 16.850000 0.020000 16.870000 ( 10.862716)
... so it seems like the opposite - MRI 2.3 gets 2-5x slower than JRuby 9.1
cat concat3.rb
require 'benchmark'
N = (ENV['TIMES'] || 100).to_i
class Array
def concat_all
self.reduce([], :+)
end
end
# small arrays
a = (1..10).to_a
b = (11..20).to_a
c = (21..30).to_a
Benchmark.bmbm do |r|
r.report('plus ') { N.times { a + b + c }}
r.report('concat ') { N.times { [].concat(a).concat(b).concat(c) }}
r.report('splash ') { N.times {[*a, *b, *c]} }
r.report('concat_all ') { N.times { [a, b, c].concat_all }}
r.report('flat_map ') { N.times {[a, b, c].flat_map(&:itself)} }
end
#large arrays
a = (1..10_000_000).to_a
b = (10_000_001..20_000_000).to_a
c = (20_000_001..30_000_000).to_a
Benchmark.bmbm do |r|
r.report('plus ') { N.times { a + b + c }}
r.report('concat ') { N.times { [].concat(a).concat(b).concat(c) }}
r.report('splash ') { N.times {[*a, *b, *c]} }
r.report('concat_all ') { N.times { [a, b, c].concat_all }}
r.report('flat_map ') { N.times {[a, b, c].flat_map(&:itself)} }
end
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