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What languages are available that promote both object-oriented and functional programming? I know that any language that supports first-class functions can be considered functional, but I'm looking for a syntax that's specifically targeted for both coding styles.
Using such a language, I'm imagining isolating all state changes to a single portion of code and having the rest of the program be purely functional. Just thinking of it makes me drool (debugging heaven!).
So far I've discovered Scala although I've only just heard of it (and it looks amazing). Are there any big contenders in this "mixed style" paradigm?
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Rather than going for Functional Programming or Object-Orientated Programming exclusively, you can go for a mixed approach, at in languages that support both such as JavaScript or Python. For example, you can still use classes and then pass a class instance to your function.
Yes, Python support both Object Oriented and Procedural Programming language as it is a high level programming language designed for general purpose programming. Python are multi-paradigm, you can write programs or libraries that are largely procedural, object-oriented, or functional in all of these languages.
Several programming languages, such as TypeScript and Python, are multi-paradigm and support both OOP and functional programming to some capacity. These languages have certain allowances to utilize pure functions, and immutable objects at the developer's will.
C++ is both a procedural and an object-oriented programming language. It supports OOP features such as polymorphism, encapsulation, and inheritance.
Javascript: OO and functional.
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The best known are OCaml and F# (which can be vaguely described as OCaml for .NET).
There are many other multi-paradigm languages, like Oz, but they have mostly pedagogical value. By contrast, OCaml is very practical. It's almost as fast as C and almost as beautiful as Haskell :)
The popular scripting languages like Python and Ruby let you program in functional style as well. However, they don't provide one of the strongest facilities that "classical" functional languages (as well as OCaml) have: pattern matching (don't mistake it for regexp).
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