Local Variables offset from stack base pointer

Question

I am trying to learn more about the stack and base pointer. The following sample assembly code is from an objdump of a binary compiled by gcc on an IA32.

08048e0b <func_3>:
8048e0b:    55                      push   %ebp
8048e0c:    89 e5                   mov    %esp,%ebp
8048e0e:    83 ec 28                sub    $0x28,%esp
8048e11:    8d 45 f0                lea    -0x10(%ebp),%eax
8048e14:    89 44 24 0c             mov    %eax,0xc(%esp)
8048e18:    8d 45 f4                lea    -0xc(%ebp),%eax
8048e1b:    89 44 24 08             mov    %eax,0x8(%esp)
8048e1f:    c7 44 24 04 65 9b 04    movl   $0x8049b65,0x4(%esp)

I know that the base pointer %ebp is used to reference the function parameters and local variables. Normally the positive offsets are parameters passed to the function and the negative offsets are local variables?

On the line 8048e18: 8d 45 f4 lea -0xc(%ebp),%eax What is -0xc(%ebp) referring to?

Answer 1

The arguments to the function are based in (%ebp) + (positive value) in your case you have 1 arguments.

and (%ebp) - (positive value) are local variables and you have 2 in your case.

see the following image:

You may read about calling convention as well.