JsonMappingException: could not initialize proxy - no Session

Question

I am building a RESTful Web Service that consumes and returns JSON. I am encountering the following stack trace when I try to fetch an ESRBRating object from the database through the service layer. However when I inject the Spring Data JPA repository directly to the controller and use that to fetch the ESRBRating by ID it works fine. However when calling through the service layer it does not work. I have provided the stack trace and code below. Can someone explain to me why this is happening when going through a service layer but not when going through the Spring Data JPA repository directly? How do I resolve this issue?

Stack Trace

Caused by: org.hibernate.LazyInitializationException: could not initialize proxy - no Session
    at org.hibernate.proxy.AbstractLazyInitializer.initialize(AbstractLazyInitializer.java:165)
    at org.hibernate.proxy.AbstractLazyInitializer.getImplementation(AbstractLazyInitializer.java:286)
    at org.hibernate.proxy.pojo.javassist.JavassistLazyInitializer.invoke(JavassistLazyInitializer.java:185)
    at net.jkratz.igdb.model.ESRBRating_$$_jvst319_0.getId(ESRBRating_$$_jvst319_0.java)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:606)
    at com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ser.BeanPropertyWriter.serializeAsField(BeanPropertyWriter.java:466)
    at com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ser.std.BeanSerializerBase.serializeFields(BeanSerializerBase.java:639)
    ... 76 more

Controller

@RestController
@RequestMapping(produces = "application/json", value="/esrbrating")
public class ESRBRatingController {

    @Inject
    ESRBRatingService esrbRatingService;

    @Inject
    ESRBRatingRepository esrbRatingRepository;

    private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());

    /**
     * Returns all ESRB ratings in database
     * 
     * @return List of ESRBRating objects
     * @see ESRBRating
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = {"","/"}, method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public ResponseEntity<List<ESRBRating>> getESRBRatings() {
        List<ESRBRating> esrbRatings = esrbRatingService.getESRBRatings();
        return new ResponseEntity<>(esrbRatings, HttpStatus.OK);
    }

    /**
     * Returns a single ESRB rating object if exists, otherwise returns HTTP status code 404
     *
     * @param id ID of the ESRB Rating
     * @return ESRB Rating when found
     * @see ESRBRating
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public ResponseEntity<?> getUser(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {
        logger.debug("Attempting to fetch ESRB rating with ID: {}", id);
        ESRBRating esrbRating = esrbRatingService.getESRBRating(id);
        //ESRBRating esrbRating = esrbRatingRepository.findOne(id);

        if (esrbRating == null) {
            return new ResponseEntity<>("ESRB Rating not found", HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND);
        } else {
            return new ResponseEntity<>(esrbRating, HttpStatus.OK);
        }
    }

}

Service

@Service
@Transactional
public class ESRBRatingServiceImpl implements ESRBRatingService {

    @Value("#{paging.games.maxPageSize}")
    private static int DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE;

    @Value("#{paging.games.maxPageSize}")
    private static int MAX_PAGE_SIZE;

    @Inject
    private ESRBRatingRepository esrbRatingRepository;

    @Override
    public List<ESRBRating> getESRBRatings() {
        List<ESRBRating> ratings =  esrbRatingRepository.findAll();
        return ratings;
    }

    @Override
    public ESRBRating getESRBRating(Long id) {
        return esrbRatingRepository.getOne(id);
    }

    @Override
    public ESRBRating saveESRBRating(ESRBRating esrbRating) {
        return esrbRatingRepository.saveAndFlush(esrbRating);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean deleteESRBRating(Long id) {
        esrbRatingRepository.delete(id);
        return true;
    }
}

Repository

package net.jkratz.igdb.repository;

import net.jkratz.igdb.model.ESRBRating;

import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;

public interface ESRBRatingRepository extends JpaRepository<ESRBRating, Long> {

}

Model

@Entity
@Table(name = "esrb_rating", schema = "igdb")
@JsonIgnoreProperties(ignoreUnknown = true)
public class ESRBRating implements Serializable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    @Id
    @NotNull
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
    @Column(name = "id", nullable = false)
    private Long id;

    @NotNull
    @Size(min = 1, max = 255)
    @Column(name = "title", nullable = false, length = 255)
    private String title;

    @Size(max = 65535)
    @Column(length = 65535)
    private String description;

    @OneToMany(cascade = CascadeType.ALL, mappedBy = "esrbRating")
    private List<Game> games;

    public ESRBRating() {
    }

    public ESRBRating(Long id, String title, String description) {
        this.id = id;
        this.title = title;
        this.description = description;
    }

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getTitle() {
        return title;
    }

    public void setTitle(String title) {
        this.title = title;
    }

    public String getDescription() {
        return description;
    }

    public void setDescription(String description) {
        this.description = description;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object o) {
        if (this == o) return true;
        if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;

        ESRBRating that = (ESRBRating) o;

        return Objects.equal(this.id, that.id) &&
                Objects.equal(this.title, that.title) &&
                Objects.equal(this.description, that.description);
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        return Objects.hashCode(id, title, description);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return Objects.toStringHelper(this)
                .add("id", id)
                .add("title", title)
                .add("description", description)
                .toString();
    }
}

This controller code works fine, going through the repository directly.

@RestController
@RequestMapping(produces = "application/json", value="/esrbrating")
public class ESRBRatingController {

@Inject
ESRBRatingService esrbRatingService;

@Inject
ESRBRatingRepository esrbRatingRepository;

private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());

/**
 * Returns all ESRB ratings in database
 * 
 * @return List of ESRBRating objects
 * @see ESRBRating
 */
@RequestMapping(value = {"","/"}, method = RequestMethod.GET)
public ResponseEntity<List<ESRBRating>> getESRBRatings() {
    List<ESRBRating> esrbRatings = esrbRatingService.getESRBRatings();
    return new ResponseEntity<>(esrbRatings, HttpStatus.OK);
}

/**
 * Returns a single ESRB rating object if exists, otherwise returns HTTP status code 404
 *
 * @param id ID of the ESRB Rating
 * @return ESRB Rating when found
 * @see ESRBRating
 */
@RequestMapping(value = "/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public ResponseEntity<?> getUser(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {
    logger.debug("Attempting to fetch ESRB rating with ID: {}", id);
    ESRBRating esrbRating = esrbRatingRepository.findOne(id);

    if (esrbRating == null) {
        return new ResponseEntity<>("ESRB Rating not found", HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND);
    } else {
        return new ResponseEntity<>(esrbRating, HttpStatus.OK);
    }
}

}

UPDATE:

I followed Randall Harleigh advice and set the reverse collection with @JsonIgnore. However now I am getting an entirely different stack trace. It seems now Jackson / Spring doesn't know how to serialize ESRBRating. Any tips on this one?

org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageNotWritableException: Could not write content: No serializer found for class org.hibernate.proxy.pojo.javassist.JavassistLazyInitializer and no properties discovered to create BeanSerializer (to avoid exception, disable SerializationFeature.FAIL_ON_EMPTY_BEANS) ) (through reference chain: net.jkratz.igdb.model.ESRBRating_$$_jvstb5c_0["handler"]); nested exception is com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonMappingException: No serializer found for class org.hibernate.proxy.pojo.javassist.JavassistLazyInitializer and no properties discovered to create BeanSerializer (to avoid exception, disable SerializationFeature.FAIL_ON_EMPTY_BEANS) ) (through reference chain: net.jkratz.igdb.model.ESRBRating_$$_jvstb5c_0["handler"])
    at org.springframework.http.converter.json.AbstractJackson2HttpMessageConverter.writeInternal(AbstractJackson2HttpMessageConverter.java:238)
    at org.springframework.http.converter.AbstractHttpMessageConverter.write(AbstractHttpMessageConverter.java:208)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.AbstractMessageConverterMethodProcessor.writeWithMessageConverters(AbstractMessageConverterMethodProcessor.java:158)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.HttpEntityMethodProcessor.handleReturnValue(HttpEntityMethodProcessor.java:138)
    at org.springframework.web.method.support.HandlerMethodReturnValueHandlerComposite.handleReturnValue(HandlerMethodReturnValueHandlerComposite.java:71)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.invokeAndHandle(ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.java:122)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.invokeHandleMethod(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:781)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.handleInternal(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:721)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.handle(AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.java:83)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:943)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:877)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:966)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doGet(FrameworkServlet.java:857)
    at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:620)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:842)
    at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:727)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:303)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208)
    at org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter.doFilterInternal(HiddenHttpMethodFilter.java:77)
    at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:241)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208)
    at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:241)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208)
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:330)
    at org.springframework.security.web.access.intercept.FilterSecurityInterceptor.invoke(FilterSecurityInterceptor.java:118)
    at org.springframework.security.web.access.intercept.FilterSecurityInterceptor.doFilter(FilterSecurityInterceptor.java:84)
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:342)
    at org.springframework.security.web.access.ExceptionTranslationFilter.doFilter(ExceptionTranslationFilter.java:113)
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:342)
    at org.springframework.security.web.session.SessionManagementFilter.doFilter(SessionManagementFilter.java:103)
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:342)
    at org.springframework.security.web.authentication.AnonymousAuthenticationFilter.doFilter(AnonymousAuthenticationFilter.java:113)
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:342)
    at org.springframework.security.web.servletapi.SecurityContextHolderAwareRequestFilter.doFilter(SecurityContextHolderAwareRequestFilter.java:154)
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:342)
    at org.springframework.security.web.savedrequest.RequestCacheAwareFilter.doFilter(RequestCacheAwareFilter.java:45)
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:342)
    at org.springframework.security.web.authentication.www.BasicAuthenticationFilter.doFilter(BasicAuthenticationFilter.java:150)
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:342)
    at org.springframework.security.web.authentication.ui.DefaultLoginPageGeneratingFilter.doFilter(DefaultLoginPageGeneratingFilter.java:155)
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:342)
    at org.springframework.security.web.authentication.AbstractAuthenticationProcessingFilter.doFilter(AbstractAuthenticationProcessingFilter.java:199)
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:342)
    at org.springframework.security.web.authentication.logout.LogoutFilter.doFilter(LogoutFilter.java:110)
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:342)
    at org.springframework.security.web.context.request.async.WebAsyncManagerIntegrationFilter.doFilterInternal(WebAsyncManagerIntegrationFilter.java:50)
    at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:342)
    at org.springframework.security.web.context.SecurityContextPersistenceFilter.doFilter(SecurityContextPersistenceFilter.java:87)
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:342)
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy.doFilterInternal(FilterChainProxy.java:192)
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:160)
    at org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy.invokeDelegate(DelegatingFilterProxy.java:344)
    at org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy.doFilter(DelegatingFilterProxy.java:261)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:241)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:220)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:122)
    at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:501)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:171)
    at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:102)
    at org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve.invoke(AccessLogValve.java:950)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:116)
    at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:408)
    at org.apache.coyote.http11.AbstractHttp11Processor.process(AbstractHttp11Processor.java:1040)
    at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:607)
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(JIoEndpoint.java:314)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
Caused by: com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonMappingException: No serializer found for class org.hibernate.proxy.pojo.javassist.JavassistLazyInitializer and no properties discovered to create BeanSerializer (to avoid exception, disable SerializationFeature.FAIL_ON_EMPTY_BEANS) ) (through reference chain: net.jkratz.igdb.model.ESRBRating_$$_jvstb5c_0["handler"])
    at com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ser.impl.UnknownSerializer.failForEmpty(UnknownSerializer.java:59)
    at com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ser.impl.UnknownSerializer.serialize(UnknownSerializer.java:26)
    at com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ser.BeanPropertyWriter.serializeAsField(BeanPropertyWriter.java:505)
    at com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ser.std.BeanSerializerBase.serializeFields(BeanSerializerBase.java:639)
    at com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ser.BeanSerializer.serialize(BeanSerializer.java:152)
    at com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ser.DefaultSerializerProvider.serializeValue(DefaultSerializerProvider.java:114)
    at com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper.writeValue(ObjectMapper.java:1887)
    at org.springframework.http.converter.json.AbstractJackson2HttpMessageConverter.writeInternal(AbstractJackson2HttpMessageConverter.java:231)
    ... 72 more

Update 2:

I ended up putting @Proxy(lazy = false) on the ESRBRating class and now it works fine. However I'm curious what kind of performance impacts this could have?

@Entity
@Table(name = "esrb_rating", schema = "igdb")
@JsonIgnoreProperties(ignoreUnknown = false)
@Proxy(lazy = false)
public class ESRBRating implements Serializable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    @Id
    @NotNull
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
    @Column(name = "id", nullable = false)
    private Long id;

    @NotNull
    @Size(min = 1, max = 255)
    @Column(name = "title", nullable = false, length = 255)
    private String title;

    @Size(max = 65535)
    @Column(length = 65535)
    private String description;

    @OneToMany(cascade = CascadeType.ALL, mappedBy = "esrbRating")
    private List<Game> games;

    public ESRBRating() {
    }

    public ESRBRating(Long id, String title, String description) {
        this.id = id;
        this.title = title;
        this.description = description;
    }

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getTitle() {
        return title;
    }

    public void setTitle(String title) {
        this.title = title;
    }

    public String getDescription() {
        return description;
    }

    public void setDescription(String description) {
        this.description = description;
    }


    @JsonIgnore
    public List<Game> getGames() {
        return games;
    }

    public void setGames(List<Game> games) {
        this.games = games;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object o) {
        if (this == o) return true;
        if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;

        ESRBRating that = (ESRBRating) o;

        return Objects.equal(this.id, that.id) &&
                Objects.equal(this.title, that.title) &&
                Objects.equal(this.description, that.description);
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        return Objects.hashCode(id, title, description);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return Objects.toStringHelper(this)
                .add("id", id)
                .add("title", title)
                .add("description", description)
                .toString();
    }
}

As requested here is the Game class

@Entity
@Table(name = "game", schema = "igdb",
        indexes = {@Index(name = "idx_game_title", columnList = ("title"), unique = false),
                @Index(name = "idx_game_developer", columnList = ("developer"), unique = false),
                @Index(name = "idx_game_publisher", columnList = ("publisher"), unique = false)})
@JsonIgnoreProperties(ignoreUnknown = true)
public class Game implements Serializable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    @Id
    @NotNull
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
    @Column(name = "id", nullable = false)
    private Long id;

    @NotNull
    @Size(min = 1, max = 255)
    @Column(name = "title", nullable = false, length = 255)
    private String title;

    @Size(max = 65535)
    @Column(name = "description", length = 65535)
    private String description;

    @Size(max = 255)
    @Column(name = "developer", length = 255)
    private String developer;

    @Size(max = 255)
    @Column(name = "publisher", length = 255)
    private String publisher;

    @NotNull
    @Size(max = 4)
    @Column(name = "players", nullable = false)
    private short players;

    @NotNull
    @Column(name = "cooperative", nullable = false)
    private boolean cooperative;

    @NotNull
    @Column(name = "release_date", nullable = false)
    @Temporal(TemporalType.DATE)
    private Date releaseDate;

    @Size(max = 255)
    @Column(name = "image", length = 255)
    private String image;

    @JoinColumn(name = "esrb_rating_id", referencedColumnName = "id", nullable = false)
    @ManyToOne(optional = false, fetch = FetchType.EAGER)
    private ESRBRating esrbRating;   

    @OneToMany(cascade = CascadeType.ALL, mappedBy = "game")
    private List<GamePlatformMap> gamePlatformMap;

    @OneToMany(cascade = CascadeType.ALL, mappedBy = "game")
    private List<GameGenreMap> gameGenreMap;

    public Game() {

    }

    public Game(Long id, String title, String description, String developer,
            String publisher, short players, boolean cooperative,
            Date releaseDate, String image, ESRBRating esrbRating) {
        super();
        this.id = id;
        this.title = title;
        this.description = description;
        this.developer = developer;
        this.publisher = publisher;
        this.players = players;
        this.cooperative = cooperative;
        this.releaseDate = releaseDate;
        this.image = image;
        this.esrbRating = esrbRating;
    }

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getTitle() {
        return title;
    }

    public void setTitle(String title) {
        this.title = title;
    }

    public String getDescription() {
        return description;
    }

    public void setDescription(String description) {
        this.description = description;
    }

    public String getDeveloper() {
        return developer;
    }

    public void setDeveloper(String developer) {
        this.developer = developer;
    }

    public String getPublisher() {
        return publisher;
    }

    public void setPublisher(String publisher) {
        this.publisher = publisher;
    }

    public short getPlayers() {
        return players;
    }

    public void setPlayers(short players) {
        this.players = players;
    }

    public boolean isCooperative() {
        return cooperative;
    }

    public void setCooperative(boolean cooperative) {
        this.cooperative = cooperative;
    }

    public Date getReleaseDate() {
        return releaseDate;
    }

    public void setReleaseDate(Date releaseDate) {
        this.releaseDate = releaseDate;
    }

    public String getImage() {
        return image;
    }

    public void setImage(String image) {
        this.image = image;
    }

    public ESRBRating getEsrbRating() {
        return esrbRating;
    }

    public void setEsrbRating(ESRBRating esrbRating) {
        this.esrbRating = esrbRating;
    }

    @JsonIgnore
    public List<GamePlatformMap> getGamePlatformMap() {
        return gamePlatformMap;
    }

    public void setGamePlatformMap(List<GamePlatformMap> gamePlatformMap) {
        this.gamePlatformMap = gamePlatformMap;
    }

    @JsonIgnore
    public List<GameGenreMap> getGameGenreMap() {
        return gameGenreMap;
    }

    public void setGameGenreMap(List<GameGenreMap> gameGenreMap) {
        this.gameGenreMap = gameGenreMap;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object o) {
        if (this == o) return true;
        if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;

        Game that = (Game) o;

        return Objects.equal(this.id, that.id) &&
                Objects.equal(this.title, that.title) &&
                Objects.equal(this.description, that.description) &&
                Objects.equal(this.developer, that.developer) &&
                Objects.equal(this.publisher, that.publisher) &&
                Objects.equal(this.players, that.players) &&
                Objects.equal(this.cooperative, that.cooperative) &&
                Objects.equal(this.releaseDate, that.releaseDate) &&
                Objects.equal(this.image, that.image) &&
                Objects.equal(this.esrbRating, that.esrbRating);
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        return Objects.hashCode(id, title, description, developer, publisher, players,
                cooperative, releaseDate, image, esrbRating);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return Objects.toStringHelper(this)
                .add("id", id)
                .add("title", title)
                .add("description", description)
                .add("developer", developer)
                .add("publisher", publisher)
                .add("players", players)
                .add("cooperative", cooperative)
                .add("releaseDate", releaseDate)
                .add("image", image)
                .add("esrbRating", esrbRating)
                .toString();
    }
}

Answer 1

This typically happens when you are returning an object via @Responsebody (or in your case response body by way of @RestController) and an object is being serialized but has children in a LAZY collection that have not been referenced. By the time you are in your controller there is no longer a transaction active that will facilitate them being fetched (like the one your started in your @Service). You can either make your fetch strategy EAGER, bring in your collections by reference while still in your transaction or make your LAZY collections JSON Transient.