Is there a standard macro to detect architectures requiring aligned memory access?

Question

Assuming something like:

void mask_bytes(unsigned char* dest, unsigned char* src, unsigned char* mask, unsigned int len)
{
  unsigned int i;
  for(i=0; i<len; i++)
  {
     dest[i] = src[i] & mask[i];
  }
}

I can go faster on a non-aligned access machine (e.g. x86) by writing something like:

void mask_bytes(unsigned char* dest, unsigned char* src, unsigned char* mask, unsigned int len)
{
  unsigned int i;
  unsigned int wordlen = len >> 2;
  for(i=0; i<wordlen; i++)
  {
    ((uint32_t*)dest)[i] = ((uint32_t*)src)[i] & ((uint32_t*)mask)[i]; // this raises SIGBUS on SPARC and other archs that require aligned access.
  }
  for(i=wordlen<<2; i<len; i++){
    dest[i] = src[i] & mask[i];
  }
}

However it needs to build on several architectures so I would like to do something like:

void mask_bytes(unsigned char* dest, unsigned char* src, unsigned char* mask, unsigned int len)
{
  unsigned int i;
  unsigned int wordlen = len >> 2;

#if defined(__ALIGNED2__) || defined(__ALIGNED4__) || defined(__ALIGNED8__)
  // go slow
  for(i=0; i<len; i++)
  {
     dest[i] = src[i] & mask[i];
  }
#else
  // go fast
  for(i=0; i<wordlen; i++)
  {
    // the following line will raise SIGBUS on SPARC and other archs that require aligned access.
    ((uint32_t*)dest)[i] = ((uint32_t*)src)[i] & ((uint32_t*)mask)[i]; 
  }
  for(i=wordlen<<2; i<len; i++){
    dest[i] = src[i] & mask[i];
  }
#endif
}

But I cannot find any good information on compiler defined macros (like my hypothetical __ALIGNED4__ above) that specify alignment or any clever ways of using the pre-processor to determine target architecture alignment. I could just test defined (__SVR4) && defined (__sun), but I would prefer something that will Just Work^_TM on other architectures requiring aligned memory accesses.

Answer 1

While x86 silently fixes up unaligned accesses, this is hardly optimal for performance. It is usually best to assume a certain alignment and perform fixups yourself:

unsigned int const alignment = 8;   /* or 16, or sizeof(long) */

void memcpy(char *dst, char const *src, unsigned int size) {
    if((((intptr_t)dst) % alignment) != (((intptr_t)src) % alignment)) {
        /* no common alignment, copy as bytes or shift around */
    } else {
        if(((intptr_t)dst) % alignment) {
            /* copy bytes at the beginning */
        }
        /* copy words in the middle */
        if(((intptr_t)dst + size) % alignment) {
            /* copy bytes at the end */
        }
    }
}

Also, take a look at SIMD instructions.

Answer 2

The standard approach would be to have a configure script that runs a program to test for alignment issues. If the test program doesn't crash, the configure script defines a macro in a generated config header that allows for the faster implementation. The safer implementation is the default.

void mask_bytes(unsigned char* dest, unsigned char* src, unsigned char* mask, unsigned int len)
{
  unsigned int i;
  unsigned int wordlen = len >> 2;

#if defined(UNALIGNED)
  // go fast
  for(i=0; i<wordlen; i++)
  {
    // the following line will raise SIGBUS on SPARC and other archs that require aligned access.
    ((uint32_t*)dest)[i] = ((uint32_t*)src)[i] & ((uint32_t*)mask)[i]; 
  }
  for(i=wordlen<<2; i<len; i++){
    dest[i] = src[i] & mask[i];
  }
#else
  // go slow
  for(i=0; i<len; i++)
  {
     dest[i] = src[i] & mask[i];
  }
#endif
}

Answer 3

(I find it weird that you have src and mask when really these commute. I renamed mask_bytes to memand. But anyways...)

Another options is to use different functions that take advantage of types in C. For instance:

void memand_bytes(char *dest, char *src1, char *src2, size_t len)
{
    unsigned int i;
    for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
        dest[i] = src1[i] & src2[i];
}

void memand_ints(int *dest, int *src1, int *src2, size_t len)
{
    unsigned int i;
    for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
        dest[i] = src1[i] & src2[i];
}

This way you let the programmer decide.