Is TCP Communication a 2-way communication?

Question

This is really a newbie question regarding TCP Communication.

Is TCP Communication a 2-way communication?

Let me give a scenario: One program is listening to a TCP port, say port 25. An external program connects to the first program's IP address (port 25) with a random outgoing port, say port 45000

Since the first program is just listening, does that mean that

1. The first program can only receive data and not send back any data through Port 25?
2. If it can send data, what protects the second computer's outgoing port 45000 from malicious attacks from the first program through port 25? As I know correctly, Firewalls are only for Incoming Ports.

Any replies are highly appreciated

Answer 1

TCP is always 2-way. There is no 'send and forget' as with UDP. The first Program would have to open a Server Socket. This means, that it listens on port 25 for a TCP SYN (A flag, that signals that a connection is being opened). If your second program connects on port 25 (from port 45000), that connection is identified by 4 values, IP of your host, Port of your host, IP of the remote host, Port of the remote host. At this moment, where the 3-Way handshake (SYN, SYN ACK, ACK) is done, the first program gets a client socket from the server socket returned, which is connected to your second program. So yes, as soon as the connection is made, it is a 2-way communication and you are vulnerable.

Firewalls mostly block incoming traffic. If your first program was behind a firewall, and had not configured the firewall correctly, the firewall would drop the SYN-Packets from the second program. No connection would be made. A firewall can also check outbound connections, if configured correctly.

As I said. As soon as you have connected to the remote program, the remote program gets a client socket, just like your local program, through which all communication is done.