Is it OK to return a HTTP 401 for a non existent resource instead of 404 to prevent information disclosure?

Question

Inspired by a thought while looking at the question "Correct HTTP status code when resource is available but not accessible because of permissions", I will use the same scenario to illustrate my hypothetical question.

Imagine I am building a a carpooling web service.

Suppose the following

GET /api/persons/angela/location 

retrieves the current position of user "angela". Only angela herself and a possible driver that is going to pick her should be able to know her location, so if the request is not authenticated to an appropriate user, a 401 Unauthorized response is returned.

Also consider the request

GET /api/persons/john/location 

when no user called john has registered with the system. There is no john resource let alone a resource for john's location, so this obviously returns a 404 Not Found. Or does it?

What if I don't want to reveal whether or not john is registered with the system?

(Perhaps the usernames are drawn from a small pool of university logins, and there is a very militant cycling group on campus that takes a very dim view of car usage, even if you are pooling? They could make requests to the URL for every user, and if they receive a 401 instead of 404, infer that the user is a car pooler)

Does it make sense to return a 401 Unauthorized for this request, even though the resource does not exist and there is no possible set of credentials that could be supplied in a request to have the server return a 200?

Answer 1

Actually, the W3C recommends (RFC 2616 §10.4.4 403 Forbidden) doing the opposite. If someone attempts to access a resource, but is not properly authenticated, return 404 then, rather than 403 (Forbidden). This still solves the information disclosure issue.

If the server does not wish to make this information available to the client, the status code 404 (Not Found) can be used instead.

Thus, you would never return 403 (or 401). However, I think your solution is also reasonable.

EDIT: I think Gabe's on the right track. You would have to reconsider part of the design, but why not:

• Not found - 404
• User-specific insufficient permission - 404
• General insufficient permission (no one can access) - 403
• Not logged in - 401