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Is there a way to do the following preprocessor directives in Python?
#if DEBUG < do some code > #else < do some other code > #endif 
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Since python is an interpreter, there's no preprocessing step to be applied, and no particular advantage to having a special syntax. Being an interpreter doesn't have anything to do with it.
A directive statement instructs the Python interpreter to process a source file in a different way; the specific details of that processing depend on the directive name. The optional atom is typically interpreted when the source code is processed; details of that interpretation depend on the directive.
Python def keyword is used to define a function, it is placed before a function name that is provided by the user to create a user-defined function. In python, a function is a logical unit of code containing a sequence of statements indented under a name given using the “def” keyword.
Examples of some preprocessor directives are: #include, #define, #ifndef etc. Remember that the # symbol only provides a path to the preprocessor, and a command such as include is processed by the preprocessor program. For example, #include will include extra code in your program.
There's __debug__, which is a special value that the compiler does preprocess.
if __debug__: print "If this prints, you're not running python -O." else: print "If this prints, you are running python -O!" __debug__ will be replaced with a constant 0 or 1 by the compiler, and the optimizer will remove any if 0: lines before your source is interpreted.
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