How to modify a cell value in Delphi TDBGrid

Question

I have to display some modified 'masked' value in a VCL TDBGrid (Delphi XE2), ie : change 'password' to 'xxxxxxxx' or uppercase 'pass' to 'PASS' or others. As my Fields are dynamically created (but the Name is coded so I know how and when mask them ie : xxxx_PASSW for password Fields) I can't use (I Think) OnGetText event.

So what is the most efficient way to do this (as I yet use OnDrawColumnCell for some presentation modification I would prefere to use it) ?

Answer 1

There are at least 3 ways to do this, I'll illustrate by masking a password field from a database. I'm using sql server for the sql dialect.

1. Define a calculated field on the sql string.

select field1, field2, '********' as maskedPwd from table1;

Then, right-click on the dbgrid, choose the columns editor. Inside the columns editor of the dbgrid, simply select maskedPwd column instead of the real password column. Now the dbgrid will display the masked value instead of the password.

or

2. Define a calculated field on the dataset used by the dbgrid.

Simply right-click on the dataset, and use the fields-editor to create a new calculated field (e.g. maskedPwd2). Then onCalcField event of the dataset, write code to set the value of maskedPwd2, i.e.

procedure TForm1.ADOQuery1CalcFields(DataSet: TDataSet);
begin
  DataSet.FieldByName('maskedPwd2').AsString := '********';
end;

Make sure to include maskedPwd2 in the column editor of the dbgrid.

or

3. Write custom text on the onDrawColumnCell event of the dbgrid.

procedure TForm1.DBGrid1DrawColumnCell(Sender: TObject; const Rect: TRect;
  DataCol: Integer; Column: TColumn; State: TGridDrawState);
var
  grid : TDBGrid;
  maskValue : String;
  aRect : TRect;
begin
  maskValue := '********';
  aRect := Rect;
  grid := sender as TDBGrid;

  if column.FieldName = 'password' then
  begin
    grid.Canvas.FillRect(Rect);
    DrawText(grid.Canvas.Handle, PChar(maskValue), Length(maskValue), aRect,
      DT_SINGLELINE or DT_LEFT or DT_VCENTER);
  end;
end;

Note that the code above only displaying the masked value, but if the grid is editable, the real password value will be visible when the cell is focused/edited.

To deal with this, drop a TEdit on the form, clear the text property, set PpasswordChar property to '*', and visible to false. Now it is ready to be used as a replacement for the inbuilt editor for the cell. Now, we need some glueing logic, i.e.

procedure TForm1.DBGrid1DrawColumnCell(Sender: TObject; const Rect: TRect;
  DataCol: Integer; Column: TColumn; State: TGridDrawState);
var
  grid : TDBGrid;
  maskValue : String;
  aRect : TRect;
begin
  maskValue := '********';
  aRect := Rect;
  grid := sender as TDBGrid;

  if column.FieldName = 'password' then
    if gdfocused in State then
      begin
        Edit1.Left := Rect.Left + grid.Left + 1;
        Edit1.Top  := rect.Top + grid.Top + 1;
        Edit1.Width := Rect.Right - Rect.Left + 2;
        Edit1.Height := Rect.Bottom - Rect.Top + 2;
        Edit1.Clear;
        Edit1.Visible := True;
      end
    else
      begin
        grid.Canvas.FillRect(Rect);
        DrawText(grid.Canvas.Handle, PChar(maskValue), Length(maskValue), aRect,
          DT_SINGLELINE or DT_LEFT or DT_VCENTER);
      end
  else
    grid.DefaultDrawColumnCell(Rect, DataCol, Column, state);
end;

procedure TForm1.DBGrid1ColExit(Sender: TObject);
begin
  Edit1.Visible := False;
end;

procedure TForm1.DBGrid1KeyPress(Sender: TObject; var Key: Char);
begin
  if Key = Chr(9) then Exit;

  if (Sender as TDBGrid).SelectedField.FieldName = 'password' then
  begin
    Edit1.SetFocus;
    SendMessage(Edit1.Handle, WM_CHAR, word(Key), 0);
  end;
end;

procedure TForm1.Edit1Change(Sender: TObject);
begin
  if DBGrid1.DataSource.State in [dsEdit, dsInsert] then
    DBGrid1.DataSource.DataSet.FieldByName('password').AsString := Edit1.Text;
end;

procedure TForm1.Edit1Enter(Sender: TObject);
begin
  DBGrid1.DataSource.Edit;
end;

Note that the code above is not perfect, yet, but the essence is there. I'll leave it to you for exercise.