How to in-place-construct an optional aggregate?

Question

How to in-place construct an optional aggregate? It seems I can only construct an optional single thing, and not an optional aggregate of things.

#include <optional>
#include <iostream>

struct Unmovable
{
    Unmovable(const Unmovable&) = delete;
    Unmovable(Unmovable&&) = delete;
    Unmovable& operator=(const Unmovable&) = delete;
    Unmovable& operator=(Unmovable&&) = delete;

    explicit Unmovable(const char* msg) {
        std::cout << msg << '\n';
    }
};

struct Things
{
    Unmovable one;
    Unmovable two;
};

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
    const bool y = argc > 1 && argv[1][0] == 'y';

    std::optional<Unmovable> optionalThing = y
        ? std::optional<Unmovable>{"works"}
        : std::nullopt;
    
    std::optional<Things> optionalThings = y
        ? std::optional<Things>{
#if ATTEMPT == 1
            "jadda", "neida"
#elif ATTEMPT == 2
            {"jadda", "neida"}
#elif ATTEMPT == 3
            Things{"jadda", "neida"}
#elif ATTEMPT == 4
            Unmovable{"jadda"}, Unmovable{"neida"}
#elif ATTEMPT == 5
            {Unmovable{"jadda"}, Unmovable{"neida"}}
#elif ATTEMPT == 6
            Things{Unmovable{"jadda"}, Unmovable{"neida"}}
#elif ATTEMPT == 7
            std::in_place_t{}, "jadda", "neida"
#elif ATTEMPT == 8
            std::in_place_t{}, {"jadda", "neida"}
#elif ATTEMPT == 9
            std::in_place_t{}, Things{"jadda", "neida"}
#elif ATTEMPT == 10
            std::in_place_t{}, Unmovable{"jadda"}, Unmovable{"neida"}
#elif ATTEMPT == 11
            std::in_place_t{}, {Unmovable{"jadda"}, Unmovable{"neida"}}
#elif ATTEMPT == 12
            std::in_place_t{}, Things{Unmovable{"jadda"}, Unmovable{"neida"}}
#endif
        } : std::nullopt;
}

Answer 1

If you can use C++20, then what you want is

std::optional<Things>{std::in_place, "jadda", "neida"};

as seen in this live example. The reason you need C++20 is that the std::in_place_t constructor uses the form of

T(std::forward<Args>(args)...)

to initialize the object, but () only works for classes that have a constructor, which Things does not. C++ was updated to fix this, and that change made it into C++20.

In C++17 you can get this code to work by providing a constructor for Things that will initialize the members. That would look like

struct Things
{
    Things(const char* msg1, const char* msg2) : one(msg1), two(msg2) {}
    Unmovable one;
    Unmovable two;
};

int main()
{
    std::optional<Things>{std::in_place, "jadda", "neida"};
}

and you can see that working in this live example

---

In case you were curious, the new language added to handle this in C++20 can be found in [dcl.init.general]/15.6.2.2