adding a bit of explanation to Zed's answer:
Erlang Format specification is: ~F.P.PadModC.
"~4..0B~n"
translates to:
~F. = ~4. (Field width of 4)
P. = . (no Precision specified)
Pad = 0 (Pad with zeroes)
Mod = (no control sequence Modifier specified)
C = B (Control sequence B = integer in default base 10)
and ~n
is new line.
io:format("~4..0B~n", [Num]).
string:right(integer_to_list(4), 4, $0).
The problem with io:format is that if your integer doesn't fit, you get asterisks:
> io:format("~4..0B~n", [1234]).
1234
> io:format("~4..0B~n", [12345]).
****
The problem with string:right is that it throws away the characters that don't fit:
> string:right(integer_to_list(1234), 4, $0).
"1234"
> string:right(integer_to_list(12345), 4, $0).
"2345"
I haven't found a library module that behaves as I would expect (i.e. print my number even if it doesn't fit into the padding), so I wrote my own formatting function:
%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%% @doc Format an integer with a padding of zeroes
%% @end
%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-spec format_with_padding(Number :: integer(),
Padding :: integer()) -> iodata().
format_with_padding(Number, Padding) when Number < 0 ->
[$- | format_with_padding(-Number, Padding - 1)];
format_with_padding(Number, Padding) ->
NumberStr = integer_to_list(Number),
ZeroesNeeded = max(Padding - length(NumberStr), 0),
[lists:duplicate(ZeroesNeeded, $0), NumberStr].
(You can use iolist_to_binary/1 to convert the result to binary, or you can use lists:flatten(io_lib:format("~s", [Result])) to convert it to a list.)
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