How to define a typedef struct containing pointers to itself?

Question

I am writing a LinkedList in C, the below code represent my Node definition.

typedef struct {     int value;     struct Node* next;     struct Node* prev; } Node; 

I understand (or think that I do) that struct Node not the same as typedef struct Node. Granted my code compiles and runs as it's supposed to, however, I get a lot of warnings when assigning next and prev (warning: assignment from incompatible pointer type). I am guessing that this has to do with how I'm defining them in the Node structure. I uploaded the full source here

So, if that is indeed the problem, how should I define next and prev inside the typedef struct Node?

I was worried this may be a repost, but couldn't quite find what I was looking for. Thanks.

Answer 1

You need to do it in this order:

typedef struct Node Node;  struct Node {   int value;   Node *next;   Node *prev; }; 

That doesn't do exactly what you asked, but it solves the problem and is how this generally is done. I don't think there's a better way.

This kind of forward declaration has a second usage, in data hiding. If the list was implemented in a library, you could have just the typedef in the public header, along with functions like:

Node * list_new(void); Node * list_append(Node *head, Node *new_tail); size_t list_length(const Node *head); 

This way, users of the library don't have easy access to the internals of your library, i.e. the fields of the Node structure.