How to create a custom exception type in Java? [duplicate]

Question

You should be able to create a custom exception class that extends the Exception class, for example:

class WordContainsException extends Exception
{
      // Parameterless Constructor
      public WordContainsException() {}

      // Constructor that accepts a message
      public WordContainsException(String message)
      {
         super(message);
      }
 }

Usage:

try
{
     if(word.contains(" "))
     {
          throw new WordContainsException();
     }
}
catch(WordContainsException ex)
{
      // Process message however you would like
}

You need to create a class that extends from Exception. It should look like this:

public class MyOwnException extends Exception {
    public MyOwnException () {

    }

    public MyOwnException (String message) {
        super (message);
    }

    public MyOwnException (Throwable cause) {
        super (cause);
    }

    public MyOwnException (String message, Throwable cause) {
        super (message, cause);
    }
}

Your question does not specify if this new exception should be checked or unchecked.

As you can see here, the two types are different:

• Checked exceptions are meant to flag a problematic situation that should be handled by the developer who calls your method. It should be possible to recover from such an exception. A good example of this is a FileNotFoundException. Those exceptions are subclasses of Exception.

• Unchecked exceptions are meant to represent a bug in your code, an unexpected situation that you might not be able to recover from. A NullPointerException is a classical example. Those exceptions are subclasses of RuntimeException

Checked exception must be handled by the calling method, either by catching it and acting accordingly, or by throwing it to the calling method. Unchecked exceptions are not meant to be caught, even though it is possible to do so.

Great answers about creating custom exception classes. If you intend to reuse the exception in question then I would follow their answers/advice. However, If you only need a quick exception thrown with a message then you can use the base exception class on the spot

String word=reader.readLine();

if(word.contains(" "))
  /*create custom exeception*/
  throw new Exception("My one time exception with some message!");
}

As a careful programmer will often throw an exception for a special occurrence, it worth mentioning some general purpose exceptions like IllegalArgumentException and IllegalStateException and UnsupportedOperationException. IllegalArgumentException is my favorite:

throw new IllegalArgumentException("Word contains blank: " + word);