How do you set, clear and toggle a single bit in Rust?

Question

How do I set, clear and toggle a bit in Rust?

Answer 1

Like many other languages, the bitwise operators & (bitwise AND), | (bitwise OR), ^ (bitwise XOR) exist:

fn main() {     let mut byte: u8 = 0b0000_0000;      byte |= 0b0000_1000; // Set a bit     println!("0b{:08b}", byte);      byte &= 0b1111_0111; // Unset a bit     println!("0b{:08b}", byte);      byte ^= 0b0000_1000; // Toggle a bit     println!("0b{:08b}", byte); } 

The main difference from other languages is in bitwise NOT, which uses ! instead of ~:

fn main() {     let mut byte: u8 = 0b0000_0000;      byte = !byte; // Flip all bits     println!("0b{:08b}", byte); } 

You can also shift bits left or right:

fn main() {     let mut byte: u8 = 0b0000_1000;      byte <<= 1; // shift left one bit     println!("0b{:08b}", byte);      byte >>= 1; // shift right one bit     println!("0b{:08b}", byte); } 

There are many other conceptual things that ultimately do bit-level manipulation that are not expressed with operators. Check out the documentation for an integer for examples. One interesting example is leading_zeros. Here is how to rotate by a certain number of bits:

fn main() {     let mut byte: u8 = 0b1000_0000;      byte = byte.rotate_left(1); // rotate left one bit     println!("0b{:08b}", byte);      byte = byte.rotate_right(1); // rotate right one bit     println!("0b{:08b}", byte); } 

The book has some more information