How do I send an HTTP response without Transfer Encoding: chunked?

Question

I have a Java Servlet that responds to the Twilio API. It appears that Twilio does not support the chunked transfer that my responses are using. How can I avoid using Transfer-Encoding: chunked?

Here is my code:

// response is HttpServletResponse
// xml is a String with XML in it
response.getWriter().write(xml);
response.getWriter().flush();

I am using Jetty as the Servlet container.

Answer 1

I believe that Jetty will use chunked responses when it doesn't know the response content length and/or it is using persistent connections. To avoid chunking you either need to set the response content length or to avoid persistent connections by setting "Connection":"close" header on the response.

Answer 2

Try setting the Content-length before writing to the stream. Don't forget to calculate the amount of bytes according to the correct encoding, e.g.:

final byte[] content = xml.getBytes("UTF-8");
response.setContentLength(content.length);
response.setContentType("text/xml"); // or "text/xml; charset=UTF-8"
response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");

final OutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();
out.write(content);

Answer 3

The container will decide itself to use Content-Length or Transfer-Encoding basing on the size of data to be written by using Writer or outputStream. If the size of the data is larger than the HttpServletResponse.getBufferSize(), then the response will be trunked. If not, Content-Length will be used.

In your case, just remove the 2nd flushing code will solve your problem.