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How do I add a Fragment to an Activity with a programmatically created content view

I want to add a Fragment to an Activity that implements its layout programmatically. I looked over the Fragment documentation but there aren't many examples describing what I need. Here is the type of code I tried to write:

public class DebugExampleTwo extends Activity {

    private ExampleTwoFragment mFragment;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        FrameLayout frame = new FrameLayout(this);
        if (savedInstanceState == null) {
            mFragment = new ExampleTwoFragment();
            FragmentTransaction ft = getFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
            ft.add(frame.getId(), mFragment).commit();
        }

        setContentView(frame);
    }
}

...

public class ExampleTwoFragment extends Fragment {

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, 
                             ViewGroup container, 
                             Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        Button button = new Button(getActivity());
        button.setText("Hello There");
        return button;
    }
}

This code compiles but crashes at start, probably because my FragmentTransaction.add() is incorrect. What is the correct way to do this?

like image 550
Tony Wong Avatar asked Mar 01 '11 20:03

Tony Wong


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How do I attach a fragment to an activity?

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Adding a Fragment to an Activity using the Layout XML File The key properties within the <fragment> element are android:name, which must reference the class associated with the fragment, and tools:layout, which must reference the XML resource file containing the layout of the fragment.


4 Answers

It turns out there's more than one problem with that code. A fragment cannot be declared that way, inside the same java file as the activity but not as a public inner class. The framework expects the fragment's constructor (with no parameters) to be public and visible. Moving the fragment into the Activity as an inner class, or creating a new java file for the fragment fixes that.

The second issue is that when you're adding a fragment this way, you must pass a reference to the fragment's containing view, and that view must have a custom id. Using the default id will crash the app. Here's the updated code:

public class DebugExampleTwo extends Activity {

    private static final int CONTENT_VIEW_ID = 10101010;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        FrameLayout frame = new FrameLayout(this);
        frame.setId(CONTENT_VIEW_ID);
        setContentView(frame, new LayoutParams(
            LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT, LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT));

        if (savedInstanceState == null) {
            Fragment newFragment = new DebugExampleTwoFragment();
            FragmentTransaction ft = getFragmentManager().beginTransaction();
            ft.add(CONTENT_VIEW_ID, newFragment).commit();
        }
    }

    public static class DebugExampleTwoFragment extends Fragment {
        @Override
        public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
                Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            EditText v = new EditText(getActivity());
            v.setText("Hello Fragment!");
            return v;
        }
    }
}
like image 184
Tony Wong Avatar answered Oct 22 '22 22:10

Tony Wong


Here is what I came up with after reading Tony Wong's comment:

public class DebugExampleTwo extends BaseActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        addFragment(android.R.id.content,
                    new DebugExampleTwoFragment(),
                    DebugExampleTwoFragment.FRAGMENT_TAG);
    }

}

...

public abstract class BaseActivity extends Activity {

    protected void addFragment(@IdRes int containerViewId,
                               @NonNull Fragment fragment,
                               @NonNull String fragmentTag) {
        getSupportFragmentManager()
                .beginTransaction()
                .add(containerViewId, fragment, fragmentTag)
                .disallowAddToBackStack()
                .commit();
    }

    protected void replaceFragment(@IdRes int containerViewId,
                                   @NonNull Fragment fragment,
                                   @NonNull String fragmentTag,
                                   @Nullable String backStackStateName) {
        getSupportFragmentManager()
                .beginTransaction()
                .replace(containerViewId, fragment, fragmentTag)
                .addToBackStack(backStackStateName)
                .commit();
    }

}

...

public class DebugExampleTwoFragment extends Fragment {

    public static final String FRAGMENT_TAG = 
        BuildConfig.APPLICATION_ID + ".DEBUG_EXAMPLE_TWO_FRAGMENT_TAG";

    // ...

}

Kotlin

If you are using Kotlin make sure to take a look at what the Kotlin extensions by Google provide or just write your own.

like image 24
JJD Avatar answered Oct 22 '22 22:10

JJD


    public class Example1 extends FragmentActivity {

        @Override
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
          DemoFragment fragmentDemo = (DemoFragment) 
          getSupportFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.frame_container);
          //above part is to determine which fragment is in your frame_container
          setFragment(fragmentDemo);
                       (OR)
          setFragment(new TestFragment1());
        }

        // This could be moved into an abstract BaseActivity 
        // class for being re-used by several instances
        protected void setFragment(Fragment fragment) {
            FragmentManager fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
            FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = 
                fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
            fragmentTransaction.replace(android.R.id.content, fragment);
            fragmentTransaction.commit();
        }
    }

To add a fragment into a Activity or FramentActivity it requires a Container. That container should be a "Framelayout", which can be included in xml or else you can use the default container for that like "android.R.id.content" to remove or replace a fragment in Activity.

main.xml

<RelativeLayout
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent" >
 <!-- Framelayout to display Fragments -->
   <FrameLayout
        android:id="@+id/frame_container"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent" />

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/imagenext"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
        android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
        android:layout_margin="16dp"
        android:src="@drawable/next" />
</RelativeLayout>
like image 37
anand krish Avatar answered Oct 22 '22 21:10

anand krish


After read all Answers I came up with elegant way:

public class MyActivity extends ActionBarActivity {

 Fragment fragment ;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

    FragmentManager fm = getSupportFragmentManager();
    fragment = fm.findFragmentByTag("myFragmentTag");
    if (fragment == null) {
        FragmentTransaction ft = fm.beginTransaction();
        fragment =new MyFragment();
        ft.add(android.R.id.content,fragment,"myFragmentTag");
        ft.commit();
    }

}

basically you don't need to add a frameLayout as container of your fragment instead you can add straight the fragment into the android root View container

IMPORTANT: don't use replace fragment as most of the approach shown here, unless you don't mind to lose fragment variable instance state during onrecreation process.

like image 32
Xenione Avatar answered Oct 22 '22 23:10

Xenione