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I have a script that is running and uses
lspci -s 0a.00.1 This returns
0a.00.1 usb controller some text device 4dc9 I want to get those last 4 characters inline such that
lspci -s 0a.00.1 | some command to give me the last 4 characters. 
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Getting the last n characters To access the last n characters of a string, we can use the parameter expansion syntax ${string: -n} in the Bash shell. -n is the number of characters we need to extract from the end of a string.
This solution instead uses the substring function of awk to select a substring which has the syntax substr(string, start, length) going to the end if the length is omitted. length($string)-2) thus picks up the last three characters.
To access the last character of a string, we can use the parameter expansion syntax ${string: -1} in the Bash shell. In bash the negative indices count from the end of a string, so -1 is the index of a last character.
How about tail, with the -c switch. For example, to get the last 4 characters of "hello":
echo "hello" | tail -c 5 ello Note that I used 5 (4+1) because a newline character is added by echo. As suggested by Brad Koch below, use echo -n to prevent the newline character from being added.
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