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In the current versions of the IPython notebook and jupyter notebook, it is not necessary to use the %matplotlib inline function. As, whether you call matplotlib. pyplot. show() function or not, the graph output will be displayed in any case.
The last, Agg, is a non-interactive backend that can only write to files. It is used on Linux, if Matplotlib cannot connect to either an X display or a Wayland display.
%matplotlib inline sets the backend of matplotlib to the 'inline' backend: With this backend, the output of plotting commands is displayed inline within frontends like the Jupyter notebook, directly below the code cell that produced it. The resulting plots will then also be stored in the notebook document.
@Neil's answer is one (perfectly valid!) way of doing it, but you can also simply call matplotlib.use('Agg') before importing matplotlib.pyplot, and then continue as normal.
E.g.
import matplotlib as mpl
mpl.use('Agg')
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
ax.plot(range(10))
fig.savefig('temp.png')
You don't have to use the Agg backend, as well. The pdf, ps, svg, agg, cairo, and gdk backends can all be used without an X-server. However, only the Agg backend will be built by default (I think?), so there's a good chance that the other backends may not be enabled on your particular install.
Alternately, you can just set the backend parameter in your .matplotlibrc file to automatically have matplotlib.pyplot use the given renderer.
You need to use the matplotlib API directly rather than going through the pylab interface. There's a good example here:
http://www.dalkescientific.com/writings/diary/archive/2005/04/23/matplotlib_without_gui.html
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