Disable cache for some images

Question

A common and simple solution to this problem that feels like a hack but is fairly portable is to add a randomly generated query string to each request for the dynamic image.

So, for example -

<img src="image.png" />

Would become

<img src="image.png?dummy=8484744" />

Or

<img src="image.png?dummy=371662" />

From the point of view of the web-server the same file is accessed, but from the point of view of the browser no caching can be performed.

The random number generation can happen either on the server when serving the page (just make sure the page itself isn't cached...), or on the client (using JavaScript).

You will need to verify whether your web-server can cope with this trick.

Browser caching strategies can be controlled by HTTP headers. Remember that they are just a hint, really. Since browsers are terribly inconsistent in this (and any other) field, you'll need several headers to get the desired effect on a range of browsers.

header ("Pragma-directive: no-cache");
header ("Cache-directive: no-cache");
header ("Cache-control: no-cache");
header ("Pragma: no-cache");
header ("Expires: 0");

If you need to do it dynamically in the browser using javascript, here is an example...

<img id=graph alt="" 
  src="http://www.kitco.com/images/live/gold.gif" 
  />

<script language="javascript" type="text/javascript">
    var d = new Date(); 
    document.getElementById("graph").src = 
      "http://www.kitco.com/images/live/gold.gif?ver=" + 
       d.getTime();
</script>

Solution 1 is not great. It does work, but adding hacky random or timestamped query strings to the end of your image files will make the browser re-download and cache every version of every image, every time a page is loaded, regardless of weather the image has changed or not on the server.

Solution 2 is useless. Adding nocache headers to an image file is not only very difficult to implement, but it's completely impractical because it requires you to predict when it will be needed in advance, the first time you load any image which you think might change at some point in the future.

Enter Etags...

The absolute best way I've found to solve this is to use ETAGS inside a .htaccess file in your images directory. The following tells Apache to send a unique hash to the browser in the image file headers. This hash only ever changes when time the image file is modified and this change triggers the browser to reload the image the next time it is requested.

<FilesMatch "\.(jpg|jpeg)$">
FileETag MTime Size
</FilesMatch>

I checked all the answers and the best one seemed to be (which isn't):

<img src="image.png?cache=none">

at first.

However, if you add cache=none parameter (which is static "none" word), it doesn't effect anything, browser still loads from cache.

Solution to this problem was:

<img src="image.png?nocache=<?php echo time(); ?>">

where you basically add unix timestamp to make the parameter dynamic and no cache, it worked.

However, my problem was a little different: I was loading on the fly generated php chart image, and controlling the page with $_GET parameters. I wanted the image to be read from cache when the URL GET parameter stays the same, and do not cache when the GET parameters change.

To solve this problem, I needed to hash $_GET but since it is array here is the solution:

$chart_hash = md5(implode('-', $_GET));
echo "<img src='/images/mychart.png?hash=$chart_hash'>";

Edit:

Although the above solution works just fine, sometimes you want to serve the cached version UNTIL the file is changed. (with the above solution, it disables the cache for that image completely) So, to serve cached image from browser UNTIL there is a change in the image file use:

echo "<img src='/images/mychart.png?hash=" . filemtime('mychart.png') . "'>";

filemtime() gets file modification time.