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I have heard that JSF is implementing the component based MVC and Spring MVC is implementing the request based MVC. I would like to know what is the exact technical difference between these two types.
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While the ViewModel is an optional pattern the Controller is a must, if you are going the MVC way. The ViewModel encapsulates presentation logic and state, The Controller orchestrates all the Application Flow.
The Model-View-Controller (MVC) architectural pattern separates an application into three main components: the model, the view, and the controller.
Spring Boot is considered a module of the Spring framework for packaging the Spring-based application with sensible defaults. Spring MVC is considered to be the model view controller-based web framework under the Spring framework. For building a Spring-powered framework, default configurations are provided by it.
In request (action) based MVC, a single front controller servlet will delegate to action models based on request URL/params. You work directly with raw HttpServletRequest and HttpServletResponse objects in the action model. You've to write code yourself to gather, convert and validate the request parameters and if necessary update the model values before you can ever invoke the business action.
In component based MVC, a single front controller will gather, convert and validate request parameters and update the model values itself so that you only need to worry about the business action yourself. How the controller needs to gather/convert/validate/update the values is definied in a single place, the view. Since that's not possible with "plain" HTML, a specific markup language is required to achieve the goal. In case of JSF 2.0, that's XML (XHTML) based. You use XML to define UI components which in turn contain information about how the controller should gather/convert/validate/update the model values and generate/render the necessary HTML representation.
Advantages and disadvantages should be clear at this point: With a request based MVC framework you need to write more (boilerplate) code yourself to achieve the goal. However you end up with much more fine grained control over the process and the HTML/CSS/JS output. With a component based MVC framework you don't need to write much code yourself. However you have less fine grained control over the process and the HTML/CSS/JS output. So if you'd like to do things a bit differently than the standard describes and/or the implementation provides, then you'll waste a lot more time in a component based MVC framework when you're not well versed with its ins and outs.
Manfred Riem (JSF 2.x team member and ex Java EE 8 MVC 1.0 spec lead) has outlined it nicely during his speech about MVC 1.0 (JSR 371) on Devoxx 14:
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