I am creating an app that accesses a database. On every database access, the app waits for the job to be finished.
To keep the UI responsive, I want to put all the database stuff in a separate thread.
Here is my idea:
Does this sound ok?
What's the best way to get the database results from the db-thread into the main thread?
I haven't done much with threads so far, therefore I'm wondering if the db-thread can create a query component out of which the main thread reads the results. Main thread and db thread will never access the query at the same time. Will this still cause problems?
What you are looking for is the standard data access technique, called asynchronous query execution. Some data access components implement this feature in an easy-to-use manner. At least dbGo (ADO) and AnyDAC implement that. Lets consider the dbGo.
The idea is simple - you call the convenient dataset methods, like a Open. The method launches required task in a background thread and immediately returns. When the task is completed, an appropriate event will be fired, notifying the application, that the task is finished.
The standard approach with the DB GUI applications and the Open method is the following (draft):
Also your "Wait" dialog may have a Cancel button, which an user may use to cancel a too long running query.
First of all - if you haven't much experience with multi-threading, don't start with the VCL classes. Use the OmniThreadLibrary, for (among others) those reasons:
The db-thread creates all database components it needs when it is created
This may not be the best way. I have generally created components only when needed, but not destroyed immediately. You should definitely keep the connection open in a thread pool thread, and close it only once the thread has been inactive for some time and the pool disposes of it. But it is also often a good idea to keep a cache of transaction and statement objects.
If it receives a command, it performs the action and goes back to idle. During that time the main thread waits.
The first part is being handled fine when OTL is used. However - don't have the main thread wait, this will bring little advantage over performing the database access directly in the VCL thread in the first place. You need an asynchronous design to make best use of multiple threads. Consider a standard database browser form that has controls for filtering records. I handle this by (re-)starting a timer every time one of the controls changes. Once the user finishes editing the timer event fires (say after 500 ms), and a task is started that executes the statement that fetches data according to the filter criteria. The grid contents are cleared, and it is repopulated only when the task has finished. This may take some time though, so the VCL thread doesn't wait for the task to complete. Instead the user could even change the filter criteria again, in which case the current task is cancelled and a new one started. OTL gives you an event for task completion, so the asynchronous design is easy to achieve.
What's the best way to get the database results from the db-thread into the main thread?
I generally don't use data aware components for multi-threaded db apps, but use standard controls that are views for business objects. In the database tasks I create these objects, put them in lists, and the task completion event transfers the list to the VCL thread.
Main thread and db thread will never access the query at the same time.
With all components that load data on-demand you can't be sure of that. Often only the first records are fetched from the db, and fetching continues after they have been consumed. Such components obviously must not be shared by threads.
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