In a unit I use the function DeleteFile
and the compiler outputs a hint:
"H2443 Inline function 'DeleteFile' has not been expanded because unit 'Windows' is not specified in USES list"
In Uses
there is SysUtils
, which defines DeleteFile
(although internally calling Windows.DeleteFile
).
What does this hint mean? If I put Windows
into the Uses
clause, it's gone, but I would like to understand what it is that bothers the compiler.
It's an inlining restriction.
See Hallvard Vassbotn's article about Inlined Routines.
Extracted from that site:
The rest of the inlining restrictions are common for both platforms and the most important ones are
- no inlining across package boundaries
- the inlined routine cannot access implementation section identifiers
- the call site must have access to all identifiers used in the inlined routine
Note The last point means that unless the call site unit uses the units required by the routine, the routine cannot be inlined. When this happens, the compiler emits a hint like this
[Pascal Hint] InlinedRoutinesU.pas(14): H2443 Inline function 'InlineMe' has not been expanded because unit 'RequiredUnit' is not specified in USES list
To resolve the issue, add the missing unit name to the call site's uses clause.
Inline functions can be expanded inline. For example:
function AddPlus(const A,B: Integer): Integer; inline;
begin
Result := A + B + 1;
end;
var
x,y,z : Integer;
begin
y := 22;
z := 11;
x := AddPlus(y, z);
end.
Is rewritten to:
var
x,y,z : Integer;
begin
y := 22;
z := 11;
x := y+z+1;
end.
This removes the overhead of a function call.
But in order to replace the call with the function body, the compiler needs more information, hence the complaint about the unit.
Beware that not all inline functions are converted. Some are treated just like normal functions (its up to the compiler). Besides, inline is only needed at really tight performance bottlenecks.
I was also confused by this hint. Then i realized what the issue is. Your code:
uses
SysUtils;
procedure TForm1.DoStuff;
begin
SysUtils.DeleteFile('foo');
end;
is literally being replaced with:
uses
SysUtils;
procedure TForm1.DoStuff;
var
Flags, LastError: Cardinal;
begin
Result := Winapi.Windows.DeleteFile(PChar(FileName));
if not Result then
begin
LastError := GetLastError;
Flags := GetFileAttributes(PChar(FileName));
if (Flags <> INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES) and (faSymLink and Flags <> 0) and
(faDirectory and Flags <> 0) then
begin
Result := RemoveDirectory(PChar(FileName));
Exit;
end;
SetLastError(LastError);
end;
end;
If you'll notice, your "new" code depends on WinApi.Windows
unit:
Result := Winapi.Windows.DeleteFile(PChar(FileName));
which you didn't include in your uses
clause.
If you manually had inlined the code (copied and pasted), the code would simply not compile until you added Windows
to your uses
.
Instead, the compiler will not do the inline
because:
Inline function 'DeleteFile' has not been expanded because unit 'Windows' is not specified in USES list"
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