Case-insensitive Lua pattern-matching

Question

I'm writing a grep utility in Lua for our mobile devices running Windows CE 6/7, but I've run into some issues implementing case-insensitive match patterns. The obvious solution of converting everything to uppercase (or lower) does not work so simply due to the character classes.

The only other thing I can think of is converting the literals in the pattern itself to uppercase.

Here's what I have so far:

function toUpperPattern(instr)
    -- Check first character
    if string.find(instr, "^%l") then
        instr = string.upper(string.sub(instr, 1, 1)) .. string.sub(instr, 2)
    end
    -- Check the rest of the pattern
    while 1 do
        local a, b, str = string.find(instr, "[^%%](%l+)")
        if not a then break end
        if str then
            instr = string.sub(instr, 1, a) .. string.upper(string.sub(instr, a+1, b)) .. string.sub(instr, b + 1)
        end
    end
    return instr
end

I hate to admit how long it took to get even that far, and I can still see right away there are going to be problems with things like escaped percent signs '%%'

I figured this must be a fairly common issue, but I can't seem to find much on the topic. Are there any easier (or at least complete) ways to do this? I'm starting to go crazy here... Hoping you Lua gurus out there can enlighten me!

Answer 1

Try something like this:

function case_insensitive_pattern(pattern)

  -- find an optional '%' (group 1) followed by any character (group 2)
  local p = pattern:gsub("(%%?)(.)", function(percent, letter)

    if percent ~= "" or not letter:match("%a") then
      -- if the '%' matched, or `letter` is not a letter, return "as is"
      return percent .. letter
    else
      -- else, return a case-insensitive character class of the matched letter
      return string.format("[%s%s]", letter:lower(), letter:upper())
    end

  end)

  return p
end

print(case_insensitive_pattern("xyz = %d+ or %% end"))

which prints:

[xX][yY][zZ] = %d+ [oO][rR] %% [eE][nN][dD]