Can one partially apply the second argument of a function that takes no keyword arguments?

Question

Take for example the python built in pow() function.

xs = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]  from functools import partial  list(map(partial(pow,2),xs))  >>> [2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 128, 256] 

but how would I raise the xs to the power of 2?

to get [1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 49, 64]

list(map(partial(pow,y=2),xs))  TypeError: pow() takes no keyword arguments 

I know list comprehensions would be easier.

Answer 1

No

According to the documentation, partial cannot do this (emphasis my own):

partial.args

The leftmost positional arguments that will be prepended to the positional arguments

---

You could always just "fix" pow to have keyword args:

_pow = pow pow = lambda x, y: _pow(x, y) 

Answer 2

I think I'd just use this simple one-liner:

import itertools print list(itertools.imap(pow, [1, 2, 3], itertools.repeat(2))) 

Update:

I also came up with a funnier than useful solution. It's a beautiful syntactic sugar, profiting from the fact that the ... literal means Ellipsis in Python3. It's a modified version of partial, allowing to omit some positional arguments between the leftmost and rightmost ones. The only drawback is that you can't pass anymore Ellipsis as argument.

import itertools def partial(func, *args, **keywords):     def newfunc(*fargs, **fkeywords):         newkeywords = keywords.copy()         newkeywords.update(fkeywords)         return func(*(newfunc.leftmost_args + fargs + newfunc.rightmost_args), **newkeywords)     newfunc.func = func     args = iter(args)     newfunc.leftmost_args = tuple(itertools.takewhile(lambda v: v != Ellipsis, args))     newfunc.rightmost_args = tuple(args)     newfunc.keywords = keywords     return newfunc  >>> print partial(pow, ..., 2, 3)(5) # (5^2)%3 1 >>> print partial(pow, 2, ..., 3)(5) # (2^5)%3 2 >>> print partial(pow, 2, 3, ...)(5) # (2^3)%5 3 >>> print partial(pow, 2, 3)(5) # (2^3)%5 3 

So the the solution for the original question would be with this version of partial list(map(partial(pow, ..., 2),xs))