Sorry for the lame bash question, but I can't seem to be able to work it out.
I have the following simple case:
I have variable like artifact-1.2.3.zip
I would like to get a sub-string between the hyphen and the last index of the dot (both exclusive).
My bash skill are not too strong. I have the following:
a="artifact-1.2.3.zip"; b="-"; echo ${a:$(( $(expr index "$a" "$b" + 1) - $(expr length "$b") ))}
Producing:
1.2.3.zip
How do I remove the .zip
part as well?
In Bash how can one get the last index of an array? This works: $((${#array[@]} - 1)) but is not very pretty. To get the last element of an array one can do ${myarray[-1]} is there a similar option for index? declare -i index; index=${#array[@]}-1; echo $index ?
To access the last character of a string, we can use the parameter expansion syntax ${string: -1} in the Bash shell. In bash the negative indices count from the end of a string, so -1 is the index of a last character. Note: Space is required after the colon (:); otherwise it doesn't work.
The strrchr() function finds the last occurrence of c (converted to a character) in string . The ending null character is considered part of the string .
In bash, a string can also be divided without using $IFS variable. The 'readarray' command with -d option is used to split the string data. The -d option is applied to define the separator character in the command like $IFS. Moreover, the bash loop is used to print the string in split form.
$ a="artifact-1.2.3.zip"; a="${a#*-}"; echo "${a%.*}"
‘#
pattern’ removes pattern so long as it matches the beginning of $a
.
The syntax of pattern is similar to that used in filename matching.
In our case,
*
is any sequence of characters.-
means a literal dash.#*-
matches everything up to, and including, the first dash.${a#*-}
expands to whatever $a
would expand to,
except that artifact-
is removed from the expansion,
leaving us with 1.2.3.zip
.Similarly, ‘%
pattern’ removes pattern so long as it matches the end of the expansion.
In our case,
.
a literal dot.*
any sequence of characters.%.*
is everything including the last dot up to the end of the string.$a
expands to 1.2.3.zip
,
then ${a%.*}
expands to 1.2.3
.Job done.
The man page content for this is as follows (at least on my machine, YMMV):
${parameter#word} ${parameter##word} The word is expanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. If the pattern matches the beginning of the value of parameter, then the result of the expansion is the expanded value of parameter with the shortest matching pattern (the ``#'' case) or the longest matching pattern (the ``##'' case) deleted. If parameter is @ or *, the pattern removal operation is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If parameter is an array variable subscripted with @ or *, the pattern removal operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. ${parameter%word} ${parameter%%word} The word is expanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. If the pattern matches a trailing portion of the expanded value of parameter, then the result of the expansion is the expanded value of parameter with the shortest matching pat- tern (the ``%'' case) or the longest matching pattern (the ``%%'' case) deleted. If parameter is @ or *, the pattern removal operation is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If parameter is an array variable subscripted with @ or *, the pattern removal operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.
HTH!
EDIT
Kudos to @x4d for the detailed answer. Still think people should RTFM though. If they don't understand the manual, then post another question.
If you love us? You can donate to us via Paypal or buy me a coffee so we can maintain and grow! Thank you!
Donate Us With