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Bash has a neat way of giving all elements in an array except the first:
"${a[@]:1}"
To get all except the last I have found:
"${a[@]:0:$((${#a[@]}-1))}"
But, man, that is ugly.
Is there an elegant alternative?
688
To remove the last element (b) from an above array, we can use the built-in unset command followed by the arr[-1] in bash.
The not equal function in Ubuntu bash is denoted by the symbol “-ne,” which would be the initial character of “not equal.” Also included is the “! =” operator that is used to indicate the not equal condition.
In bash, a string can also be divided without using $IFS variable. The 'readarray' command with -d option is used to split the string data. The -d option is applied to define the separator character in the command like $IFS. Moreover, the bash loop is used to print the string in split form.
To access elements of array using index in Bash, use index notation on the array variable as array[index].
I am not sure how much improvement it would be, but you can drop the arithmetic operator ($(())) and starting index (0 here):
${a[@]::${#a[@]}-1}
So:
$ foo=( 1 2 3 )
$ echo "${foo[@]::${#foo[@]}-1}"
1 2
As you can see, the improvement is purely syntactical; the idea remains the same.
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