I would like to clarify some points about WinRT and where .NET fits in relation to it. The following is a set of statements I believe to be true... correct me where I am wrong:
C++/WinRT is an entirely standard modern C++17 language projection for Windows Runtime (WinRT) APIs, implemented as a header-file-based library, and designed to provide you with first-class access to the modern Windows API.
Technology. WinRT is implemented in the programming language C++ and is object-oriented by design. Its underlying technology, the Windows API (Win32 API), is written mostly in the language C.
C#/WinRT is a NuGet-packaged toolkit that provides Windows Runtime (WinRT) projection support for the C# language. A projection assembly is an interop assembly, which enables programming WinRT APIs in a natural and familiar way for the target language.
The .NET Desktop Runtime enables you to run existing Windows desktop applications. This release includes the .NET Runtime; you don't need to install it separately.
Almost right, internally WinRT still does use some Win32 calls but some API calls are new and written from ground up.
WinRT can be only used in Metro but subset of Win32 calls are still available in metro.
True. The XAML part now uses the WinRT implementation.
C++/CLI is not supported on Metro. For now it is just C#/VB.Net on Metro.
True.
Correct.
No, although ARM will have a desktop it is limited to MS Office, IE and Explorer.
EDIT
Updating based on the comments below.
A subset of WinRT APIs that can be used from the desktop.
The rendering and the Javscript engine are the same as the one used in IE 10. But the app itself won't be separately runnable within Internet Explorer
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