Why is this narrowing conversion not detected?

Question

when constructing variables using the list-initialization (like int x{ 5 };) the standard §8.5.4 says:

If a narrowing conversion […] is required to convert any of the arguments, the program is ill-formed. ₍₇₎ A narrowing conversion is an implicit conversion - _(7.4) from an integer type or unscoped enumeration type to an integer type that cannot represent all the values of the original type, except where the source is a constant expression whose value after integral promotions will fit into the target type.

So why does this compile?

char c{ 'A' };
char x{ c + c };

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As a reminder, c + c yields an int

static_assert(std::is_same_v<decltype(c + c), int>, "");

so the compiler should complain about a narrowing conversion which is certainly not a constant expression.

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Interestingly, declaring x to be an unsigned char correctly fails to compile:

char c{ 'A' };
unsigned char x{ c + c }; 

C2397 conversion from 'int' to 'unsigned char' requires a narrowing conversion

As does introducing a temporary:

char c{ 'A' };
int sum{ c + c };
char x{ sum }; //C2397 conversion from 'int' to 'char' requires [...]

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So why does the first version compile? I'm using Visual Studio Community 2017 Version 15.9.5 and compile it with /wall and all warnings are errors enabled in a x64 debug build. Setting the standard C++11, C++14 and C++17 all compile.

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I filed the bug report here

Answer 1

Yes. You are right: the program is ill-formed.

In such a case (standard §1.4):

a conforming implementation shall issue at least one diagnostic message.

Indeed, gcc produces a warning message. clang directly rejects the code as a compiler error.

This specific topic has already been discussed here for gcc¹.

Visual Studio is supposed to produce a diagnostic message (I suggest you check your compilation options. Did you disable warnings? Are you compiling with C++(11/14/17)?, ...). If this is not the case, it's an implementation bug.

Update:

Visual Studio v19.20 does not produce any diagnostic message (even with /Wall flag).

A bug report has been filled here.

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¹For additional information regarding gcc implementation for narrowing check here.